Role of minimally invasive techniques in gastrointestinal surgery: Current status and future perspectives

Table 2 Studies on laparoscopic surgery in colorectal cancer

Ref.	Study type	Comparison	Group	Endpoints	Results
Bonjer et al[44], 2015	Randomized clinical trial	Laparoscopic vs open surgery for rectal cancer	LC (n = 699); OP (n = 345)	Locoregional recurrence 3 yr after index surgery, and disease-free and overall survival	No significant difference between the two groups in locoregional recurrence 3 yr after index surgery, or disease-free and overall survival (86.7% vs 83.6%)
Fleshman et al[43], ACOSOG Z6051 Randomized Controlled Trial, 2019	Randomized clinical trial	Laparoscopic-assisted resection vs open resection of stage II or III rectal cancer	LC (n = 243); OP (n = 243)	Disease-free survival and local recurrence	No significant difference between the two groups in disease-free survival and local recurrence
Park et al[39], 2020	Multicenter comparative study	Laparoscopic vs open surgery for small T4 colon cancer	LC (n = 149); OP (n = 300)	Blood loss, length of hospital stay, postoperative morbidity, and overall survival or disease-free survival	No significant difference between the two groups in overall survival or disease-free survival, and LC was associated with favorable short-term oncologic outcomes in patients with tumors ≤ 4.0 cm
Li et al[40], 2021	Multicenter comparative study	Laparoscopic vs open surgery for transverse colon cancer	LC (n = 181); OP (n = 235)	Operation time, postoperative hospitalization, lymph node retrieval, 5-yr overall survival	LC was associated with statistically longer operation time (209.96 vs 173.31 min, P = 0.002) and shorter postoperative hospitalization (12.05 vs 14.44 d, P = 0.001), but there was no significant difference in lymph node retrieval and 5-yr overall survival
Garbarino et al[42], 2021	Propensity score-matched analysis	Laparoscopic vs open surgery for rectal resection	LC (n = 181); OP (n = 2 35)	Operative time, postoperative morbidity, hospital stay, safe oncological adequateness	LC was associated with shorter hospital stay (P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in safe oncological adequateness

LC: Laparoscopic gastrectomy; OP: Open gastrectomy.