Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 as a novel prognostic biomarker in distal cholangiocarcinoma

Table 2 Univariate analysis of risk factors for distal cholangiocarcinoma recurrence

Variable	n	1-yr OS (%)	3-yr OS (%)	χ2	P
Gender				2.434	0.119
Male	113	69.6	42.9
Female	73	63	23.3
Age, yr				1.155	0.283
≤ 60	53	67.7	39.7
> 60	133	66.8	31.8
Smoking				0.883	0.347
Yes	62	69.3	32
No	124	65.9	35.5
Diabetes				0.734	0.391
Yes	53	61.6	32.7
No	133	69.1	34.9
PBD				0.519	0.471
Yes	90	67	31.3
No	96	67.1	36.8
TB (μmol/L)				2.556	0.11
≤ 21	38	82.4	34.3
> 21	148	63.3	32.4
CA19-9 (U/mL)				5.688	0.017
≤ 37	69	83.5	43.7
> 37	117	56.5	28
γ-GGT (U/L)				0.06	0.806
≤ 45	11	51.1	51.1
> 45	175	68	34
CA19-9/GGT				26.824	0
≤ 0.12	81	84.2	51
> 0.12	105	52.9	20.1
OP time, h				0.299	0.585
≤ 9	83	65.4	36.3
> 9	103	68.2	31.5
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)				1.282	0.258
≤ 500	117	69.3	35.5
> 500	69	62.6	30.7
Blood transfusion				7.235	0.007
Yes	66	56.3	24.7
No	120	72.7	37.9
Degree of differentiation				20.848	0
Poor	52	34.2	22.2
Moderate & high	134	79.9	39
Tumor size, cm				3.313	0.069
≤ 2	114	72.7	39.6
> 2	72	57.7	24.5
LN metastasis				32.491	0
Yes	75	45.6	15.4
No	111	81.1	47.8
Nerve invasion				4.963	0.026
Yes	162	65.4	31.8
No	24	80	60
Resection margin				0.943	0.332
R0	178	67	34.8
R1	8	66.7	16.7
Postoperative complication				0.197	0.657
Yes	54	75.2	30.1
No	132	64.3	34.9
Postoperative chemotherapy				0.011	0.917
Yes	39	65.7	36.5
No	147	67.4	33.5

OS: overall survival; PBD: preoperative biliary drainage; TB: total bilirubin; CA19-9: carbohydrate antigen 19-9; γ-GGT: γ-glutamyltransferase; OP: operation; LN: lymph node; R: resection margin.