Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 as a novel prognostic biomarker in distal cholangiocarcinoma

Table 1 Demographic and pathological findings in patients with distal cholangiocarcinoma

Variables	Group 1 (n = 81)	Group 2 (n = 105)	P
Gender (M/F)	50/31	63/42	0.811
Age, mean ± SD, yr	63.7 ± 9.1	65.8 ± 8.1	0.093
Smoking (Y/N)	24/57	38/67	0.347
Diabetes (Y/N)	18/63	35/70	0.096
PBD (Y/N)	35/46	55/50	0.215
TB (μmol/L)	76.7 (35.4–211.3)	110.0 (24.1–203.4)	0.78
CA19-9 (U/mL)	27.3 (11.7–45.6)	139.8 (42.7–316.2)	0
γ-GGT (U/L)	706 (395–1194)	207 (80–446)	0
Tumor size, mean ± SD, cm	2.1 ± 0.9	2.2 ± 1.1	0.82
Tumor differentiation (poor/moderate & high)	20/61	32/73	0.412
Nerve invasion (Y/N)	68/13	Nov-94	0.261
Intraoperative blood loss (mL)	500 (400–600)	500 (400–800)	0.222
Blood transfusion (Y/N)	30/51	36/69	0.697
OP time, mean ± SEM, h	9.5 ± 1.4	10.0 ± 2.1	0.079
LN metastasis (+/–)	18/63	57/48	0
Resection margin (R0/R1)	Jan-80	Jul-98	0.141
Postoperative chemotherapy (Y/N)	20/61	19/86	0.273

PBD: preoperative biliary drainage; TB: total bilirubin; CA19-9: carbohydrate antigen 19-9; γ-GGT: γ-glutamyltransferase; OP: operation; LN: lymph node; R: resection margin.