Efficacy and safety of early oral feeding in postoperative patients with upper gastrointestinal tumor: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Outcomes of studies

Ref.	Year	Sample size, n		Time of gas passage (mean ± SD, h)		LOS (mean ± SD, d)		Cost of hospitalization (mean ± SD, CNY, × 1000)		Pneumonia, n		Anastomotic leakage, n
		EOF	TOF	EOF	TOF	EOF	TOF	EOF	TOF	EOF	TOF	EOF	TOF
Wang et al[15]	2017	38	42	73.5 ± 6.3	80.1 ± 8.7	8.2 ± 1.6	9.5 ± 1.7	57.2 ± 5.1	63.1 ± 4.3	5%6	7%6	0	4.8%6
Liu et al[12]	2011	30	32	2.15 ± 0.431	2.97 ± 0.521	NR	NR	NR	NR	1	3	0	0
Yang et al[18]	2013	25	25	78.8 ± 8.4	87.1 ± 11.3	7.81 ± 2.58	9.62 ± 1.91	29.6 ± 4.2	35.2 ± 3.8	NR	NR	0	0
Wang et al[14]	2017	60	60	67.6 ± 7.5	85.2 ± 8.5	6.5 ± 1.8	9.2 ± 2.6	NR	NR	2	6	2	3
Lin et al[13]	2018	47	53	2.83 ± 0.961	3.56 ± 0.991	11.91 ± 1.43	12.68 ± 1.42	3.56 ± 0.615	3.93 ± 0.755	2	10	1	2
Li et al[17]	2014	50	50	67.3 ± 7.9	84.6 ± 8.7	6.8 ± 1.9	9.3 ± 2.5	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Yu et al[16]	2016	72	67	2.1 ± 1.21	3.3 ± 1.51	6.0 ± 1.8	7.7 ± 2.5	1.5 ± 0.55	1.6 ± 0.85	1	3	0	1
Li et al[12]	2015	200	200	67.3 ± 7.9	84.6 ± 8.7	6.8 ± 1.9	9.3 ± 2.5	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR
Gao et al[10]	2019	101	97	2.05 ± 0.711	2.50 ± 0.911	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	1	1
Hur et al[20]	2011	28	26	1.9 ± 1.21	2.9 ± 0.81	7.2 ± 1.7	8.5 ± 2.9	7749 ± 12504	8415 ± 29454	1		0	1
Berkelmans et al[19]	2020	65	67	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	16	23	12	11
Sun et al[22]	2018	140	140	2 (2-3)1,2	3 (2-3)1,2	7 (7-8)2	10 (9-12)2	NR	NR	15	17	5	6
Mahmoodzadeh et al[23]	2015	54	55	3 (2-3)1,2	4 (3-4)1,2	6 (5.75-7)2	8 (7-9)2	NR	NR	NR	NR	2	1
Shimizu et al[21] (DG)	2018	70	84	2 (1-3)1,3	2 (1-6)1,3	10 (5-70)3	10 (5-31)3	NR	NR	0	2	5	2
Shimizu et al[21] (TG)		32	30	2 (1-4)1,3	3 (1-6)1,3	10 (7-16)3	12 (7-44)3	NR	NR	1	0	4	4
Mi et al[11]	2012	30	30	79.9 ± 9.5	86.6 ± 8.7	7.83 ± 2.23	9.57 ± 1.96	30.22 ± 3.22	34.6 ± 3.21	0	1	0	0

¹The value is in days.

²Medians (lower quartile - upper quartile).

³Median (range).

⁴The walue is in USD($).

⁵The value is in CNY(¥),×10000.

⁶Incidence rate.

DG: Distal gastrectomy; EOF: Early oral feeding; LOS: Length of postoperative hospital stay; NR: No report; TG: Total gastrectomy; TOF: Traditional oral feeding.