Efficacy of hybrid endoscopic submucosal dissection with SOUTEN in gastric lesions: An ex vivo porcine model basic study

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analysis for the factors associated with the difficulty of endoscopic submucosal dissection including long procedure time (≥ 20 min), incomplete resection and perforation

	No. of patients	No. of events	Univariate			Multivariate
			OR	95%CI	P value	OR	95%CI	P value
Location
L	34	6	1	Ref	0.25	1	Ref	0.72
U or M	30	9	2.0	0.62-6.5		1.32	0.28-6.3
Position
G or A or P	32	3	1	Ref	0.01a	1	Ref	0.004a
Lessor	32	12	5.8	1.4-23.2		9.9	2.0-71.4
Size
< 250 mm2	31	6	1	Ref	0.45	1	Ref	0.33
≥ 250 mm2	33	9	1.6	0.48-5.1		2.1	0.48-10.1
Operator skill
Expert	32	4	1	Ref	0.05	1	Ref	0.015a
Trainee	32	11	3.7	1.0-13.1		6.2	1.4-37.7
Method
Hybrid ESD	32	3	1	Ref	0.01a	1	Ref	0.002a
Conventional ESD	32	12	5.8	1.4-23.2		10.1	2.2-67.5

^aSignificant value.

ESD: Endoscopic submucosal dissection, OR: Odds ratio, L: Lower third of the stomach; U: Upper third of the stomach; M: Middle third of the stomach; G: Greater curvature; A: Anterior wall; P: Posterior wall.