Model for liver hardness using two-dimensional shear wave elastography, durometer, and preoperative biomarkers

Table 4 Differences of characteristics for high and low hardness scale groups

Characteristics	Median (IQR)
	High, n = 22	Low, n = 52	P value
Age in yr	64 (60-69)	56 (51-65)	0.042
INR	1.04 (0.97-1.07)	1.00 (0.96-1.05)	0.350
PT in s	12.5 (11.8-13.0)	12.5 (11.8-13.9)	0.0.578
Platelet as 109/L	126 (80-162)	184 (136-244)	0.026
Albumin in g/L	40 (37-42)	45 (43-47)	< 0.001
ALT in U/L	23.0 (16.0-49.0)	27.0 (17.5-34.5)	0.966
AST in U/L	24.0 (21.0-28.0)	23.0 (18.0-42.0)	0.608
TB in µmol/L	11.8 (8.3-14.2)	13.5 (9.4-20.6)	0.365
Cholinesterase in U/L	4960 (4600-7329)	7523 (6845-8254)	0.004
Creatinine in μmol/L	77.0 (60.0-85.0)	67.0 (60.5-75.0)	0.625
HA in μg/L	142.0 (76.5-184.5)	58.2 (42.5-82.1)	< 0.001
HBsAg in IU/mL	170.1 (1.7-591.0)	24.9 (0.0-131.3)	0.026
Stiffness in kPa	13.6 (12.3-15.5)	7.9 (6.4-9.3)	< 0.001
Durometer in DU	28.6 (27.8-31.4)	25.3 (23.7-27.6)	< 0.001
Palpation scale	64.0 (60.0-70.0)	55.0 (50.4-60)	< 0.001
Major resection, %	6 (27.3%)	5 (9.6%)	0.138
PHLF, %	8 (36.4%)	6 (11.5%)	0.004
Duration of surgery in min	275 (175-310)	265 (185-343)	0.340
Postoperative hospital stays in d	15 (11-22)	9 (6-16)	0.047

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; FIB-4: Fibrosis-4; HA: Hyaluronic acid; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; INR: International normalized ratio; IQR: Interquartile range; PHLF: Post-hepatectomy liver failure; PT: Prothrombin time; TB: Total bilirubin; TT: Thrombin time.