Patients with Clostridium difficile infection and prior appendectomy may be prone to worse outcomes

Table 2 Baseline information of patients with Clostridium difficile infection compared between patients with appendectomy and no history of appendectomy

Variable	All patients (%)	No prior appendectomy (%)	Prior appendectomy (%)	P value	n
	1580	1382 (87.5)	198 (12.5)
Age	57.1 ± 15.7	57.1 ± 15.6	56.8 ± 17.0	0.812	1580
Gender				0.022	1580
Female	809 (51.2)	692 (50.1)	117 (59.1)
Male	771 (48.8)	690 (49.9)	81 (40.9)
Ethnicity				0.439	1580
African American	611 (38.67)	540 (39.1)	71 (35.9)
Hispanic	262 (16.6)	228 (16.5)	34 (17.2)
Caucasian	58 (3.73)	52 (3.8)	6 (3.03)
Others	10 (0.63)	7 (0.51)	3 (1.52)
Not available	639 (40.4)	555 (40.2)	84 (42.4)
Comorbidities					1580
Hypertension	1210 (76.58)	1022 (73.95)	153 (77.27)	0.815
Diabetes mellitus	741 (46.89)	618 (44.71)	102 (51.51)	0.384
Obstructive lung disease	752 (47.56)	633 (45.80)	95 (47.97)	0.933
Coronary artery disease	480 (30.37)	407 (29.45)	57 (28.78)	0.802
Chronic kidney disease	477 (30.18)	406 (29.37)	56 (28.28)	0.819
Inflammatory bowel diseases					1580
Ulcerative colitis	117 (7.40)	103 (7.45)	9 (4.54)	0.203
Crohn’s disease	42 (2.66)	37 (2.67)	4 (2.02)	0.803
Risk Factor of CDI
Prior use of antibiotics	768 (52.2)	656 (51.3)	112 (58.3)	0.086	1470
Prior use of PPI	429 (29.0)	353 (27.4)	76 (39.4)	0.001	1480
Prior use of steroids	128 (8.73)	110 (8.63)	18 (9.1)	0.838	1467
Prior chemotherapy	50 (3.35)	45 (3.46)	5 (2.59)	0.678	1492
Known malignancy	175 (11.4)	147 (11.0)	28 (14.1)	0.232	1539
Liver cirrhosis	117 (8.42)	98 (8.19)	19 (9.84)	0.531	1389
HIV infection	406 (34.5)	362 (35.2)	44 (29.3)	0.186	1389
C. difficile related complication
Ileus on imaging	52 (3.90)	41 (3.59)	11 (5.67)	0.237	1335
Admission to ICU	615 (40.6)	526 (39.8)	89 (46.1)	0.113	1514
Intubation	298 (19.9)	258 (19.8)	40 (20.7)	0.846	1494
Clinical variable
Body mass index (kg/m2)	27.69 ± 7.7	27.78 ± 7.79	26.70 ± 6.75	0.1890	690
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg)	92.4 ± 18.2	92.6 ± 18.3	90.5 ± 17.5	0.115	1467
Pulse beats per minute	91.7 ± 20.8	91.6 ± 21.0	92.3 ± 20.0	0.700	1464
Laboratory parameters
Hemoglobin g/dL	11.2 ± 2.93	11.2 ± 2.98	11.2 ± 2.58	0.819	1533
White blood cell (cells/mm3)	11.6 ± 8.04	11.4 ± 8.06	13.1 ± 7.71	0.005	1533
Albumin (mg/dL)	3.37 ± 0.82	3.38 ± 0.81	3.31 ± 0.87	0.309	1502
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)	26.9 ± 26.0	26.9 ± 25.8	26.7 ± 27.3	0.925	1531
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)	1.85 ± 2.26	1.85 ± 2.24	1.88 ± 2.43	0.830	1531
Lactic acid (mg/dL)	2.13 ± 2.27	2.16 ± 2.33	1.92 ± 1.82	0.127	1372

C. difficile: Clostridium difficile; CDI: Clostridium difficile infection; PPI: Proton pump inhibitors; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; ICU: Intensive care unit.