Preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels predict early recurrence after the resection of early-stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate analyses of the factors associated with early recurrence

Factors	Number of patients, n (%)	Univariate, P value	Odds ratio (95%CI)	Multivariate, P value
Age in yr		0.211	`
< 65	234 (57.5)
≥ 65	173 (42.5)
Sex		0.261
Male	225 (55.3)
Female	182 (44.7)
Tumor size in cm		< 0.001		0.004
< 2.85	244 (60.0)
≥ 2.85	163 (40.0)		2.039 (1.251-3.323)
RM		0.555		0.638
Negative	348 (85.5)
Positive	59 (14.5)		1.177 (0.583-2.287)
Tumor location		0.394
Head/uncinate	254 (62.4)
Neck/body/tail	151 (37.1)
Differentiation		0.005		0.019
Well	60 (14.9)
Moderate	288 (71.6)	0.196	1.430 (0.652–3.133)	0.372
Poor	54 (13.4)	0.005	3.493 (1.377–8.858)	0.008
CA 19-9 in U/mL		< 0.001		0.006
< 70	226 (55.5)
≥ 70	181 (44.5)		1.987 (1.217–3.243)
LVi		0.126		0.372
No	263 (64.6)
Yes	144 (35.4)		1.270 (0.749–2.144)
PNi		0.517		0.911
No	110 (27.0)
Yes	297 (73.0)		0.966 (0.535–1.780)
NLR		0.768
< 2	244 (60.0)
≥ 2	163 (40.0)
Adj. CTx.		0.059		0.025
No	154 (37.8)
Yes	253 (62.2)		0.573 (0.352–0.933)

Adj. CTx.: Adjuvant chemotherapy; CA 19-9: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CI: Confidence interval; LVi: Lymphovascular invasion; NLR; Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; PNi; Perineural invasion; RM: Resection margin.