Immunotherapy after liver transplantation: Where are we now?

Table 2 Descriptive characteristics of all patients with prior liver transplantation and subsequent immunotherapy

	All	Rejection	No rejection	P value
Total (%)	28	9 (32)	19(68)
Gender (M/F; %M)	22/6 (79)	6/3 (67)	16/3 (84)	0.29
Age	61 (53-66)	63 (34-67.5)	59 (54-64)	1.00
Year after transplant	3.9 (2.5-6.5)	2.9 (1.2-3.1)	5.3 (2.7-8.0)	0.02
Indication (%)				0.93
HCC	19 (68)	6 (67)	13 (68)
Melanoma	8 (29)	3 (33)	5 (26)
SCC of lung	1 (4)	0 (0)	1 (5)
Line of systemic therapy	2 (1-3)	2 (1-3)	2 (1-4)	0.52
Immunotherapy by drug (%)				0.92
Nivolumab	15 (54)	5 (56)	10 (53)
Pembrolizumab	10 (36)	3 (33)	7 (37)
Ipilimumab	4 (14)	1 (11)	3 (16)
Immunotherapy by class (%)				1.00
PD1/PD-L1	24 (86)	8 (89)	16 (84)
CTLA-4	3 (11)	1 (11)	2 (11)
Both	1 (4)	0 (0)	1 (5)
PD-L1 positivity (%)
Graft	5/7 (71)	4/4 (100)	1/3 (33)	0.053
Tumor	4/8 (50)	2/3 (67)	2/5 (40)	0.47
Immunosuppression (%)
Single agent tacrolimus	10 (36)	2 (22)	8 (42)	0.31
Single agent mTOR-inhibitor	6 (21)	3 (33)	3 (16)	0.29
Tacrolimus with mTOR-inhibitor	5 (18)	1 (11)	4 (21)	0.52
Others	7 (25)	3 (33)	4 (21)	0.48
Acute rejection (%)	9 (32)
Mortality in 30 d (%)	6 (21)	5 (56)	1 (5)	0.002
Progression-free survival	3 ± 0.6	1.0 ± 0.1	3.5 ± 1.1	0.02
Overall survival	10.6 ± 5.3	1.0 ± 0.1	19.2 ± 5.5	0.001

CTLA-4: Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte antigen-4; F: Female; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; M: Male; mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin; PD-1: Programmed cell death protein-1; PD-L1: Programmed death ligand-1; SCC: Squamous-cell carcinoma.