Transanal minimally invasive surgery using laparoscopic instruments of the rectum: A review

Table 1 Operative outcomes and pathologic results of transanal minimally invasive surgery case reports and retrospective studies

Ref.	Pts, n (%)	LOS (day)	Size (cm)	location from the AV (cm)	Pathology											R0 (%)	SF, n (%)	CR (%)
					AD	NET	AC	pCR	T0	Tis	T1	T2	T3	GIST	Other
Atallah et al[13], 2010	6	5/6	3	9	3	1	2	0	0	1	1	0	0	0		83.3	0	100
Van den Boezem et al[55], 2011	12	1	3.5	7	9	0	3	0	0	0	1	2	0	0		100	0	75.0
Hompes et al[56], 2012	14	0.7 (0-5)	3.4	5	6	1	6	0	0	0	3	1	2	0	Residual rectal fold (1)	85.7	-	85.7
Lim et al[26], 2012	16	3 (2-6)	0.5 (0-1.5)	7.5 (4-10)	0	4	11	5	0	1	3	1	1	0	Mucocele (1)	100	-	100
Barendse et al[57], 2012	15	2.5	3.6	6	7	1	4	0	0	0	1	3	0	0	Fibrosis (1)	92.3	-	-
Alessandro et al[58], 2012	8	1	-	6.5	5	0	3	0	0	0	1	2	0	0		100	0	-
Ragupathi et al[59], 2012	20	1.1	3.0	10.6	14	6	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0		95.0	-	95
Canda et al[60], 2012	6	-	4.75	7.2	5	0	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	0		100	0	83.3
Albert et al[30], 2013	50	0.6 (0-6)	2.75	8.2	23	2	23	0	0	1	16	3	3	0	HP (2)	94.0	2	98
Sevá-Pereira et al[61], 2014	5	1	4 (2-6)	4 (1-6)	2	0	4	0	0	2	0	1	0	0		100	0	60
McLemore et al[27], 2014	32	2.5 (1-10)	3 (0.5-7.5)	4.1 (1-11)	10	2	11	0	0	1	6	4	0	0	NRT (9)	100	-	90.6
Schiphorst et al[53], 2014	37	1 (1-23)	4.2	7	23	0	12	0	0	6	4	1	1	0	NRT (1)	78.4	0	100
Lee and Lee[28], 2014	25	4 (3-8)	2.3 (0.6-6)	9 (6-17)	6	9	9	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	NRT (6)	100	0	80
Hahnloser et al[33], 2015	75	3.4 (1-21)	4	6.4	35	1	38	3	4	11	13	9	1	0	Hamartoma (1); NRT (4)	96.0	6	-
Karakayali et al[51], 2015	10	0	2.6 (0.4-5)	5.6 (3-10)	1	0	9	0	0	5	4	0	0	0		100	0	50
Gill et al[62], 2015	32	1.1 (0-4)	2.1 (0.3-5)	7.5 (2-13)	11	4	15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	Hamartoma (1); HP (1); NRT (10)	100	0	78.1
Noura et al[49], 2016	6	7 (6-8)	2.4 (1.5-3.0)	4.3 (3-6)	0	0	6	0	0	0	5	1	0	0		100	-	-
Quaresima et al[63], 2016	31	3 (2-7)	2.4 (1-5)	9.5 (6-15)	10	2	17	0	0	0	17	0	0	2		96.8	-	-
Keller et al[35], 2016	75	1 (0-6)	3.2	10 (6-16)	59	0	17	0	6	0	6	4	1	0		93.3	1	85.3
Sumrien et al[43], 2016	28	1.5 (0-4)	4.4 (1.2-11.5)	-	17	0	11	0	0	0	0	0	0	0		75.0	5	-
Verseveld et al[52], 2016	24	1 (1-3)	2.4	8 (2-17)	20	0	4	0	0	0	4	0	0	0		-	-	-
Melin et al[64], 2016	29	-	3.9	6.79	23	0	6	0	0	0	3	0	0	0		89.7	-	-
Mege et al[65], 2017	33	4 (1-60)	4 (1-10)	9 (0-12)	24	0	9	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	NRT (1)	78.8	-	-
Lee et al[24], 2018	200	1	2.9	7.2 (2-17)	85	10	100	3	11	25	41	10	10	0	NRT (11)	93.0	9	94.5
García-Flórez et al[66], 2017	32	-	3.4	5.6 (4-10)	15	1	12	0	0	0	4	4	4	1	Pelvic abscess (1)	96.9	2	84.4
Caycedo-Marulanda et al[44], 2017	50	1.1	2.5 (1-4.9)	7 (2-15)	23	1	16	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	Lipoma (1)	84.0	4	72.0
Clermonts et al[67], 2017	42	1 (1-24)	4.3	7.5 (0-19)	26	0	16	0	0	5	10	1	0	0		90.5	0	-
Lee et al[42], 2017	181	0	2.8	6.1	75	8	96	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	92.8	9	73.5
Lee et al[68], 2017	35	4 (3-7)	-	5 (4-9)	0	0	35	18	0	2	4	9	2	0		97.1	-	-
Chen et al[69], 2018	25	2.7	1.1	8.4	3	16	6	0	0	0	5	0	1	0		80.0	-	-
Clermonts et al[48], 2018	37	1 (1-5)	4.8	6.5 (0-19)	23	0	14	0	0	5	8	1	0	0		89.2	0	-
Dufresne et al[70], 2018	5	-	-	11 (8-14)	2	1	2	0	0	0	2	0	0	0		80.0	-	-
Llano et al[71], 2019	27	1.1	5.3 (2-9)	7 (5-9)	14	5	6	0	0	6	0	0	0	0	Cicatrical fibrosis (1); Leiomyoma (1)	1	2	-
Westrich et al[72], 2019	38	3 (1-7)	4 (1.5-9.0)	8 (5-12)	19	2	11	0	0	1	8	1	1	0	Granulation (8)	4	4	89.5
Van den Eynde et al[73], 2019	68	2 (1-3)	4.5	6 (5-10)	44	0	24	0	6	0	12	6	0	0		8	2	-
Lee et al[17], 2019	21	0.4	4.1	7.8	15	1	4	0	1	0	1	2	0	1		2	-	-
Abutaka et al[74], 2020	17	1.5 (1-6)	2.62 (1.2-7)	7.5 (3-18)	6	3	11	0	6	0	1	4	0	0	HP (1); IP(1)	100	1	64.7
Kang et al[45], 2020	30	4.3	1.6 (0.3-7.1)	7	5	18	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	Rectal stenosis (1), Rectal sinus (1), Anastomosis site dehiscence (1)	1	-	-
Goldenshluger et al[50], 2020	23	2.65	4.07	7.4	10	1	6	0	0	1	5	0	0	0	Granulation (6)	-	-	82.6

LOS: Length of stay; AV: Anal verge; AD: Adenoma; NET: Neuroendocrine tumor; AC: Adenocarcinoma; pCR: Pathologic complete response; GIST: Gastrointestinal stromal tumor; R0: R0 resection; SF: Specimen fragmentation; CR: Concordance rate of pathologic diagnosis between preoperative and postoperative results; HP: Hyperplastic polyp; NRT: No residual tumor; IP: Inflammatory polyp.