Evaluation of prognostic factors and clinicopathological patterns of recurrence after curative surgery for colorectal cancer

Table 5 Treatment-related potential prognostic factors for recurrence and evaluation of early versus late recurrence (univariate analysis)

	Recurrence, n = 234					Timing of recurrence, n = 60
	All	No	Yes	HR (95%CI)	P value	Early recurrence (< 3 yr)	Late recurrence (≥ 3 yr)	OR (95%CI)	P value
	n, %	n = 174 (67.7%)	n = 60 (23.3%)			n = 51 (85.0%)	n = 9 (15.0%)
Neoadjuvant therapy, n (%)					0.921				0.949
No	97 (93.3)	68 (70)	29 (30)	Reference		25 (86.2)	4 (13.8)	Reference
Yes	7 (6.7)	5 (71)	2 (29)	1.07 (0.26-4.51)		2 (100)	0 (0)	1.13 (0.02-53.57)
Missing	130	130				29
Surgery, n (%)
Right emicolectomy	55 (23.5)	42 (76.4)	13 (23.6)	Reference		10 (76.9)	3 (23.1)	Reference
Extended right emicolectomy	15 (6.4)	12 (80)	3 (20)	1.16 (0.37-3.59)	0.801	2 (66.7)	1 (33.3)	4.20 (0.37-47.64)	0.247
Intermediate colectomy	10 (4.3)	6 (60)	4 (40)	2.16 (0.70-6.71)	0.182	3 (75)	1 (25)	1.80 (0.14-23.6)	0.655
AR/Hartmann	106 (45.3)	80 (75.5)	26 (24.5)	1.09 (0.55-2.17)	0.798	24 (92.3)	2 (7.7)	0.43 (0.06-3.02)	0.395
LAR/Miles	38 (16.2)	28 (73.7)	10 (26.3)	1.16 (0.50-2.68)	0.731	8 (80)	2 (20)	1.23 (0.16-9.69)	0.841
Total/Sub-total Colectomy	6 (2.6)	3 (50)	3 (50)	2.69 (0.76-9.53)	0.126	3 (100)	0 (0.0)	0.60 (0.01-24.50)	0.787
Segmental resection	4 (1.7)	3 (75)	1 (25)	1.12 (0.14-8.68)	0.916	1 (100)	0 (0.0)	1.7 (0.02-162.35)	0.819
Associated procedure, n (%)
No	52 (50.5)	39 (75)	13 (25)	Reference		11 (84.6)	2 (15.4)	Reference
Minor	40 (38.8)	27 (67.5)	13 (32.5)	1.30 (0.60-2.80)	0.505	11 (84.6)	2 (15.4)	1.00 (0.13-7.44)	1.00
Major	11 (10.7)	4 (36.4)	7 (63.6)	3.56 (1.41-8.96)	0.007	7 (100)	0 (0)	0.31 (0.01-8.95)	0.492
Missing	131	131				27
Operative technique, n (%)					< 0.001				0.061
Open	99 (42.7)	61 (61.6)	38 (38.4)	Reference		35 (92.1)	3 (7.9)	Reference
Laparoscopy	133 (57.3)	111 (83.5)	22 (16.5)	0.37 (0.22-0.62)		16 (72.7)	6 (27.3)	4.00 (0.94-17.01)
Missing	2	2				-
Duration of surgery, min – mean ± SD	232 ± 67	230 ± 61	239 ± 83	1.00 (0.99-1.01)	0.496	238 ± 78	242 ± 112	1.00 (0.99-1.01)	0.808
Postop blood transfusion, n (%)					0.123				0.119
No	174 (75.7)	134 (77)	40 (23)	Reference		36 (90)	4 (10)	Reference
Yes	56 (24.3)	37 (66.1)	19 (33.9)	1.54 (0.89-2.66)		14 (73.7)	5 (26.3)	3.08 (0.75-12.64)
Missing	4	4				1
Reoperation, n (%)					0.262				0.559
No	82 (91.1)	60 (73.2)	22 (26.8)	Reference		17 (77.3)	5 (22.7)	Reference
Yes	8 (8.9)	5 (62.5)	3 (37.5)	1.99 (0.60-6.61)		2 (66.7)	1 (33.3)	2.13 (0.17-26.68)
Missing	144	144				35
Hospital stay, d, mean ± SD	9.2 ± 6	8.7 ± 3.7	10.9 ± 9.1	1.05 (1.02-1.07)	0.001	10.9 ± 9.8	10.6 ± 4.0	1.01 (0.95-1.08)	0.737
Adjuvant therapy, n (%)					0.064				0.057
No	127 (56.4)	103 (81.1)	24 (18.9)	Reference		18 (75)	6 (25)	Reference
Yes	98 (43.5)	67 (68.4)	31 (31.6)	1.65 (0.97-2.81)		28 (90.3)	3 (9.7)	0.22 (0.04-1.04)
Missing	9	9				5
Start of adj CHT, n (%)					0.268				0.401
< 6 wk	26 (48.1)	13 (50)	13 (50)	Reference		12 (92.3)	1 (7.7)	Reference
≥ 6 wk	28 (51.9)	19 (67.9)	9 (32.1)	1.63 (0.69-3.95)		8 (88.9)	1 (11.1)	4.4 (0.14-141.01)
Missing	180	180				38

HR: Hazard ratio; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidential intervals; AR: Anterior resection of the rectum; LAR: Low anterior resection of the rectum; Adj CHT: Adjuvant chemotherapy.