Crucial anatomy and technical cues for laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair: Advanced manipulation for groin hernias in adults

Figure 3 Current knowledge of the preperitoneal space and the adequate position of mesh placement during the transabdominal preperitoneal repair. Anatomical identification of the superficial parietal layer (SPL) and deeper visceral layer (DVL) was a milestone for further developments in surgical repairs. The dissected layer should be adequately switched between the SPL and DVL. DVL: Deeper visceral layer; PPS: Preperitoneal space; SC: Spermatic cord; SPL: Superficial parietal layer; TAPP: Transabdominal preperitoneal; TF: Transversalis fascia; VD: Vas deferens.