Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts acute kidney injury occurrence after gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary surgery

Table 2 Patient demographics and clinical features of the high and low NLR groups

Variables	Overall (n = 282)	High-NLR group (n = 181)	Low-NLR group (n = 101)	P value
Age (yr)	60.48 ± 17.74	62.62 ± 17.44	58.42 ± 18.17	0.146
Sex (male/female)	180/102	114/67	66/35	0.695
Operative site				0.330
Gastrointestinal surgery, n (%)	214 (75.89)	134 (74.03)	80 (79.21)
Hepatobiliary surgery, n (%)	68 (24.11)	47 (25.97)	21 (20.79)
Characteritics of surgery				0.398
Emergency surgery	55 (19.5)	38 (21.0)	17 (16.8)
Non-emergency surgery	227 (80.5)	143 (79.0)	84 (83.2)
Lab values at ICU admission
PLT (109/L)	144.17 ± 112.61	146.84 ± 114.94	139.40 ± 108.70	0.596
WBC (109/L)	12.67 ± 9.34	14.85 ± 10.25	8.77 ± 5.65	< 0.001
ALT (U/L)	169.28 ± 356.37	194.10 ± 413.23	126.53 ± 259.71	0.140
AST (U/L)	258.83 ± 683.02	310.81 ± 822.44	169.28 ± 308.64	0.098
TB (μmol/L)	87.42 ± 132.18	90.95 ± 126.59	81.14 ± 142.01	0.554
Albumin (g/L)	28.63 ± 6.42	28.14 ±5.90	29.49 ± 7.20	0.091
Creatinine (μmol/L)	131.44 ± 135.27	138.84 ± 122.81	118.20 ± 154.87	0.225
K (mmol/L)	3.95 ± 0.76	4.03 ± 0.77	3.82 ± 0.73	0.034
Na (mmol/L)	137.55 ± 7.72	137.68 ± 7.54	137.32 ± 8.05	0.708
Neutrophil (109/L)	10.68 ± 7.57	13.10 ± 7.91	6.34 ± 4.32	< 0.001
Lymphocyte (109/L)	1.04 ± 1.04	0.78 ± 0.50	1.49 ± 1.50	< 0.001
PaO2/FiO2	3.24 ± 2.08	3.30 ± 1.75	3.14 ± 2.63	0.576
Arterial lactate (mmol/L)1	3.43 ± 4.13	2.91 ± 3.29	4.40 ± 5.23	0.006
Procalcitonin (ng/mL)2	15.85 ± 35.73	17.11 ± 39.68	13.37 ± 26.29	0.453
SOFA score at ICU admission	7.74 ± 5.01	7.63 ± 4.11	7.93 ± 6.34	0.806
APACHE II at ICU admission	16.04 ± 7.78	15.95 ± 7.49	16.19 ± 8.31	0.630
Coexisting conditions
Smoking (yes/no)	91/191	60/121	31/70	0.672
Drinking (yes/no)	65/217	43/138	22/79	0.706
Hypertension (yes/no)	71/211	44/137	27/74	0.653
Diabetes mellitus (yes/no)	36/246	27/154	9/92	0.147
Ischemic heart disease (yes/no)	24/258	16/165	8/93	0.791
Stroke (yes/no)	26/256	15/166	11/90	0.469
Malignant diseases (yes/no)	62/220	43/138	19/82	0.336
ICU care
Ventilation (yes/no)	169/113	103/78	66/35	0.166
Dialysis (yes/no)	72/210	54/127	18/83	0.027
Steroids (yes/no)	81/201	52/129	29/72	0.998
CPR (yes/no)	58/224	35/146	23/78	0.494
Vasopressor (yes/no)	131/151	84/97	47/54	0.984
Transfusion	173/109	112/69	61/40	0.806

High neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) group: NLR ≥ 8.380, Low NLR group: NLR < 8.380.

¹High NLR group (n = 167), Low NLR group (n = 89).

²High NLR group (n = 154), Low NLR group (n = 79). WBC: White blood cell count; PLT: Platelet count; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Alanine aminotransferase; PaO₂/FiO₂: Oxygen partial pressure/oxygen concentration; APACHE II: Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; SOFA score: Sequential organ failure assessment score; CPR: Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio.