Contemporary indications for and outcomes of hepatic resection for neuroendocrine liver metastases

Table 1 Demographic, clinical, and operative characteristics of patients with neuroendocrine liver metastases undergoing resection

	NELM (n = 669)
Median age in years, n (IQR)	60 (51-67)
Male gender, n (%)	341 (51)
ASA classification, n (%)
I	2 (0.3)
II	143 (21)
III	459 (69)
IV	61 (9)
Median BMI (kg/m2), n (IQR)	27.4 (24-32)
Comorbidities/preoperative
> 10% loss body weight in last 6 mo, n (%)	30 (4.4)
Diabetes mellitus with oral agents or insulin, n (%)	115 (17)
Current smoker within one yr, n (%)	79 (12)
Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%)	9 (0.3)
Congestive heart failure in 30 d before surgery, n (%)	5 (0.7)
Hypertension requiring medications, n (%)	326 (49)
Viral hepatitis, n (%)	13 (1.9)
Preoperative biliary stent, n (%)	13 (1.9)
Ascites within 30 d, n (%)	3 (0.4)
Preoperative sepsis, n (%)	2 (0.3)
Steroid use for a chronic condition, n (%)	20 (3)
Bleeding disorders, n (%)	18 (2.6)
Preoperative transfusion, n (%)	3 (0.4)
Neoadjuvant therapy, n (%)	119 (17.7)
Patients with concomitant procedure (%)	304 (45.4)
Total number of cholecystectomy	193 (28.8)
Total number of small/large bowel resection	135 (20.2)
Total number of partial pancreatectomy	23 (3.4)
Operative approach, n (%)
Open	546 (82)
Laparoscopic	113 (17)
Robotic	10 (1)
Liver resection type, n (%)
Trisegmentectomy	42 (6)
Right hepatectomy	99 (15)
Left hepatectomy	52 (8)
Partial lobectomy	476 (71)
Size of metastatic lesion, n (%)
< 2 cm	152 (23)
2-5 cm	303 (45)
> 5 cm	181 (27)
Unknown	33 (5)
Number of metastatic lesions, n (%)
< 2	298 (45)
3-5	168 (26)
> 5	166 (27)
Unknown	37 (2)
Concurrent partial liver resections, n (%)
0	205 (30.6)
1-5	385 (57.5)
6-9	44 (6.6)
> 10	5 (0.7)
Unknown	30 (4.5)
Liver texture, n (%)
Normal	190 (28)
Congested	8 (1)
Cirrhotic	12 (2)
Fatty	57 (9)
Unknown	402 (60)
Median optime in minutes, n (IQR)	232 (179-297)
Pringle maneuver during resection, n (%)	161 (24)
Biliary reconstruction, n (%)	14 (2)
Intraoperative ablation, n (%)	205 (30)
Drain placement	253 (38)

NELM: Neuroendocrine liver metastases; IQR: Interquartile range; BMI: Body mass index; ASA: American Society of Anesthesiology.