Pancreatic necrosis: Complications and changing trend of treatment

Table 1 Peer-reviewed literature reports on the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing percutaneous catheter drainage

Author/year/country	Ref.	No. of patients	Mortality	Complications	Mortality
Jones/2016/ United States	[123]	69	PCD	N/A	6.5%
Navarrete/2016/Chile	[124]	17	PCD	1 = stent fracture, 1 = leak, 4, 2 = bleeding, 1 = pseudoaneurysm, 1 = venous oozing	0%
Sugimoto/2016/United States	[125]	39	PCD	New onset organ failure 01, 52, enterocutaneous fistula 41, 62	16%
Russell/2017/New Zealand	[126]	85	PCD	N/A	12%
Sleeman/2011/United States	[99]	63	PCD	Internal fistula n = 14 (23%), bleeding n = 2	8%
Ross/2010/United States	[127]	15	PCD	Immediate post-procedure complications; tachycardia and hypotension (n = 2), late complication, parenchymal infection (n = 1)	0%
Van Santvoort/2010/The Netherlands	[98]	88	PCD	Organ failure n = 5 (12%)1, n = 18 (40%)2, systemic complication n = 01, n = 1 (2%)2, nterocutaneous fistula/perforation n = 6 (14%)1, n = 10 (22%)2, pancreatic fistula n = 12 (28%)1, n = 17(38%)2, incisional hernia n = 3 (7%)1, n = 11 (24%)2, new onset diabetes n = 7 (16%)1, n = 17 (38%)2, pancreatic enzyme needed n = 3 (7%)1, n = 15 (33%)2, intraabdominal bleed n = 7 (16%)1	19%
Rocha/2009/United States	[128]	64	PCD	Infection 27%1, 35%2, 71%3, single organ failure 36%1, 12%2, 14%3. MOSF 64%1	12%
Becker/2009/Germany	[129]	7	PCD	Spontaneous duodenal perforation (1/7), pancreatico-colonic fistula (1/7), fistula to the retroperitoneal space (1/7), spontaneous gastric bleeding (1/7), exocrine insufficiency (2/7)	0
Bruennler/2008/United Kingdom	[130]	18	PCD	N/A	22%
Cheung/2005/Hong Kong	[131]	8	PCD	Intestinal fistula to abscess cavity (4/8), left subphrenic fluid collection (1/8)	12.5%
Risse/2004/France	[132]	6	PCD	1/61 Post-operative peritonitis, 1/61 40 °C fever 24 h, 1/61 insulin dependent DM, 1/61 Psuedocyst	0
Carter/2000/Scotland	[23]	10	PCD	N/A	20%
Freeny/1998/United States	[97]	34	PCD	N/A	N/A
Echenique/1988/United States	[133]	20	PCD	12/20 (renal failure × 2, bowel fistula × 10)	0

¹Indicates PCD associated variables.

²Indicates surgical procedure associated variables.

³Indicates endovascular approach associated variables. PCD: Percutaneous drainage; N/A: Not available; MOSF: Multiple organ system failure; DM: Diabetes mellitus.