Learning curve of enhanced recovery after surgery program in open colorectal surgery

Table 3 Surgical outcomes

	Overall	1st quintile	2nd quintile	3rd quintile	4th quintile	5th quintile	P value
	(n = 380)	(n = 76)	(n = 76)	(n = 76)	(n = 76)	(n = 76)
Time to resume normal diet (d)	2 (1-3)	2 (1-3)	1 (0-2)a	2 (0-2.8)	2 (1-3)	2 (1-2)	< 0.001a
Time to first bowel movement (d)	3 (2-3)	3 (2-3)	3 (2-3)	3 (2-3)	2 (2-4)	3 (2-3)	0.848
Overall complication	83 (21.8)	18 (23.7)	20 (26.3)	16 (21.1)	18 (23.7)	11 (14.5)	0.457
Major complication1	11 (2.9)	1 (1.3)	3 (3.9)	2 (2.6)	3 (3.9)	2 (2.6)	0.860
Hospital stay (d)	4 (4-5)	5 (4-7)b	4 (4-5)	4 (4-5)	5 (4-5.8)	4 (3-5)	0.015a
Hospital stay >5 d	86 (22.6)	31 (40.8)c	12 (15.8)	15 (18.4)	19 (25.0)	10 (13.2)	< 0.001a
30-d readmission	9 (2.4)	1 (1.3)	0	5 (6.6)	2 (2.6)	1 (1.3)	0.077
30-d mortality	1 (0.3)	0	1 (1.3)	0	0	0	0.405
ERAS compliance %	73.5 ± 11.8	68.6 ± 16d	75.4 ± 11.1	73.7 ± 9.9	74.3 ± 10.2	75.5 ± 9.5	< 0.001 a
Optimal recovery2	288 (75.0)	44 (57.9)e	64 (84.2)	57 (75.0)	55 (72.4)	65 (85.5)	< 0.001 a

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median (IQR) or number (percentage).

^aP < 0.05. 2^nd quintile had a shorter period of time to resume normal diet than 1^st and 4^th quintile; 1^st quintile had a longer length of postoperative stay than 5^th quintile; 1^st quintile had a higher number of patients discharged after postoperative day 5 than the others; 1^st quintile had a lower compliance rate of ERAS protocol than 2^nd, 4^th and 5^th quintile; 1^st quintile had a higher rate of composite unfavorable outcomes than 2^nd, 4^th and 5^th quintile.

¹Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ III (the most severe complication was registered for patients with more than one complication);

²Optimal recovery was defined as no major postoperative complication, discharge by postoperative day 5, and no 30-d readmission.

ERAS: Enhanced recovery after surgery.