Effect of sitagliptin combined with Yiqi yangyin huoxue decoction on clinical efficacy and hemorheology in early diabetic nephropathy

Table 1 Composition of decoction used for nourishing Qi, nourishing Yin, and promoting blood circulation

Type	Dosage, g
Astragalus	20
Chinese yam	15
Poria cocos	10
Dwarf lilyturf root	10
Danpi	10
Common peony root	10
Prepared Rehmannia root	10
Dogberry	15
Sealwort	10
Root of Zhejiang figwort	10
Ligusticum wallichii	10

Table 2 Analysis of basic data between the two groups (mean ± SD)

Index	OG (n = 50)	CG (n = 50)	χ2/t value	P value
Sex (male/female)	28/22	26/24	0.161	0.688
Age (yr)	51.24 ± 4.43	51.28 ± 4.28	−0.046	0.963
Disease course (yr)	1.48 ± 0.47	1.49 ± 0.57	−0.188	0.851
SBP (mmHg)	123.47 ± 10.28	124.16 ± 11.33	−0.319	0.750
DBP (mmHg)	78.26 ± 4.15	79.51 ± 4.36	−1.480	0.142
BMI (kg/m2)	25.21 ± 1.27	25.19 ± 1.44	0.038	0.970

The course of the disease was diabetic nephropathy. OG: Observation group; CG: Control group; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 3 Improvement in blood lipid levels in both groups (mean ± SD)

Group	Time	OG (n = 50)	CG (n = 50)	t-value	P value
TC (mmol/L)	T0	7.05 ± 1.21	7.08 ± 1.19	−0.166	0.868
	T1	4.97 ± 0.73	6.13 ± 0.84	−7.366	< 0.001
TC (mmol/L)	T0	1.65 ± 0.17	1.63 ± 0.14	0.637	0.525
	T1	1.32 ± 0.28	1.49 ± 0.21	−3.475	< 0.001
LDL-C (mmol/L)	T0	4.13 ± 0.68	4.09 ± 0.71	0.219	0.827
	T1	1.87 ± 0.42	2.45 ± 0.67	−5.196	< 0.001

OG: Observation group; CG: Control group; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triacylglycerol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; T0: Pre-treatment; T1: Post-treatment.

Table 4 Improvement in renal function in the two groups (mean ± SD)

Group	Time	OG (n = 50)	CG (n = 50)	t-value	P value
Cys-C (mg/L)	T0	1.59 ± 0.43	1.57 ± 0.45	0.333	0.74
	T1	1.57 ± 0.45	1.48 ± 0.39	−2.566	0.012
HCY (μmol/L)	T0	30.41 ± 5.73	30.44 ± 5.69	−0.018	0.986
	T1	19.28 ± 3.15	22.36 ± 4.28	−4.097	< 0.001
U-mAlb (mg/L)	T0	195.67 ± 15.28	195.73 ± 15.14	−0.017	0.987
	T1	162.38 ± 11.54	174.63 ± 13.45	−4.887	< 0.001
Cr (μmol/L)	T0	102.54 ± 9.47	102.71 ± 9.24	−0.096	0.924
	T1	89.24 ± 7.36	96.53 ± 8.47	-4.591	< 0.001

OG: Observation group; CG: Control group; Cys-C: Cystatin C; HCY: Homocysteine; U-mAlb: Urinary microalbumin; Cr: Blood creatinine.

Table 5 Improvement in hemorheology in the two groups (mean ± SD)

Group	Time	OG (n = 50)	CG (n = 50)	t-value	P value
Red blood cell deposition (%)	T0	46.88 ± 5.23	46.91 ± 5.19	−0.029	0.977
	T1	37.15 ± 4.13	43.96 ± 4.87	−7.542	< 0.001
Plasma viscosity (mPa·s)	T0	3.26 ± 0.38	3.29 ± 0.43	−0.490	0.625
	T1	1.52 ± 0.25	2.27 ± 0.31	−13.465	< 0.001
Whole blood high shear viscosity (mPa·s)	T0	5.94 ± 1.13	5.59 ± 1.07	1.598	0.113
	T1	4.06 ± 0.75	5.13 ± 0.81	−6.854	< 0.001
Whole blood low shear viscosity (mPa·s)	T0	10.29 ± 2.34	10.33 ± 2.29	−0.108	0.914
	T1	7.70 ± 1.25	8.72 ± 1.64	−3.527	0.001

OG: Observation group; CG: Control group.