Heart rate is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes: The diabetes heart study

Table 2 Association between 1- standard deviation of resting heart rate with mortality in the diabetes heart study in cox proportional hazard models after a median follow-up of 8.5 years

Models	Hazard ratio	95%CI	P value
All-cause mortality (model)
1	1.16	1.03-1.31	0.0151
2	1.26	1.12-1.42	0.0020
3	1.15	1.01-1.32	0.0355
4	1.20	1.05-1.37	0.0079
Cardiovascular mortality (model)
1	1.19	0.98-1.43	0.0688
2	1.29	1.07-1.54	0.0073
3	1.14	0.93-1.40	0.2164
4	1.19	0.97-1.47	0.0975

Model 1: Unadjusted; Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity; Model 3: Model 2 + body mass index, hemoglobin A1c, diabetes duration, systolic blood pressure, hypertension, total cholesterol level, triglyceride level, current smoking status, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Model 4: Model 3 + baseline cardiovascular diseases history.