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©The Author(s) 2018.
World J Diabetes. Jan 15, 2018; 9(1): 33-39
Published online Jan 15, 2018. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v9.i1.33
Published online Jan 15, 2018. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v9.i1.33
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants in the diabetes heart study
| Characteristics | All (n = 1315) | < Median RHR (n = 652) | ≥ Median HR (n = 663) | P value |
| Age (yr) | 61.4 (9.2) | 62.2 (9.3) | 60.6 (9.1) | 0.0015 |
| Caucasian (%) | 1113 (84.6) | 557 (85.4) | 556 (83.9) | |
| African American (%) | 202 (15.4) | 95 (14.6) | 107 (16.1) | |
| Women (%) | 735 (55.9) | 323 (49.5) | 412 (62.1) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.0 (6.6) | 31.0 (6.5) | 33.0 (6.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Current smoker (%) | 234 (17.9) | 98 (15.1) | 136 (20.6) | 0.1336 |
| Ex-smoker (%) | 541 (41.3) | 296 (45.7) | 245 (37.2) | 0.0223 |
| Diabetes duration (yr) | 10.4 (7.04) | 10.0 (7.0) | 10.7 (7.1) | 0.0953 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 139.4 (19.4) | 139.1 (19.1) | 139.7 (19.7) | 0.5661 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 73.4 (10.4) | 72.6 (10.1) | 74.2 (10.6) | 0.0044 |
| Hypertension (%) | 1116 (84.9) | 543 (83.3) | 573 (86.4) | 0.1118 |
| Prior CVD (%) | 397 (30.7) | 218 (33.7) | 179 (27.6) | 0.0161 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.4 (1.9) | 7.1 (1.67) | 7.7 (2.1) | < 0.0001 |
| Glucose (g/L) | 1.4 (0.6) | 1.3 (0.5) | 1.5 (0.7) | < 0.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (g/L) | 1.8 (0.5) | 1.8 (0.4) | 1.9 (0.5) | 0.0006 |
| HDL (g/L) | 0.44 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.7662 |
| LDL (g/L) | 1.0 (0.4) | 1.0 (0.3) | 1.05 (0.4) | 0.2616 |
| Triglycerides (g/L) | 1.8 (1.2) | 1.7 (1.1) | 2.0 (1.3) | < 0.0001 |
| eGFR (mL/min × 1.73 m2) | 67.9 (20.5) | 68.2 (20.0) | 67.7 (20.9) | 0.6865 |
| RHR (bpm) | 69.8 (11.9) | 60.2 (5.6) | 79.3 (8.4) | < 0.0001 |
- Citation: Prasada S, Oswalt C, Yeboah P, Saylor G, Bowden D, Yeboah J. Heart rate is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes: The diabetes heart study. World J Diabetes 2018; 9(1): 33-39
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v9/i1/33.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v9.i1.33