Cardiac autonomic neuropathy: Risk factors, diagnosis and treatment

doi:10.4239/wjd.v9.i1.1

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Diabetes. Jan 15, 2018; 9(1): 1-24
Published online Jan 15, 2018. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v9.i1.1

Table 6 Diagnostic algorithm for diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy[3,39]

	Symptoms	Signs/diagnostic tests	Differential workup
Resting tachycardia	Palpitations could be asymptomatic	Clinical exam: Resting heart rate > 100 bpm	Anemia hyperthyroidism fever
			CVD (atrial fibrillation,
			flutter, other)
			Dehydration
			Adrenal insufficiency
			Some medications
			Smoking, alcohol, caffeine
			Recreational drugs (cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamine, mephedrone)
Orthostatic hypotension	Light-headedness	Clinical exam: A reduction of > 20 mmHg in the systolic blood pressure or > 10 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure	Adrenal insufficiency
	Weakness		Intravascular volume depletion
	Faintness		Blood loss/acute anemia
	Visual impairment		Dehydration
	Syncope		Pregnancy/postpartum
			CVD
			Alcohol
			Medication
			Antiadrenergics
			Antianginals
			Antiarrhythmics
			Anticholinergics
			Diuretics
			ACE inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blocker
			Narcotics
			Neuroleptics
			Sedatives

CAD: Coronary artery disease; CVD: Cardiovascular disease.

Citation: Serhiyenko VA, Serhiyenko AA. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy: Risk factors, diagnosis and treatment. World J Diabetes 2018; 9(1): 1-24
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v9/i1/1.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v9.i1.1