Obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetic retinopathy: Beyond hyperglycemia

Figure 2 Schematic presentation of the multiple pathways involved in metabolic syndrome including hypertension, central obesity, dyslipidemia, adipose tissue and adipokine’s dysfunction, altered free fatty acids levels and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism leading to local and systemic inflammation. FFA: Free fatty acids; PUFA: Polyunsaturated fatty acid.