High fat diet dysregulates microRNA-17-5p and triggers retinal inflammation: Role of endoplasmic-reticulum-stress

Figure 1 High fat diet/palmitate triggered endoplasmic-reticulum-stress markers in retina and Müller cells. A: Total body weight (grams) recorded weekly was significantly higher in mice fed with HFD for 8 wk compared to ND; B: Glucose tolerance was impaired after 8 wk of HFD compared to ND; C: Realtime PCR showing increases in mRNA levels of XBP1S and ATF6, while no change in XBP1, PERK, CHOP and IRE1α mRNA in retina after 8 wk of HFD compared to ND; D: Realtime PCR showing significant increases in IRE1α, PERK, ATF6 and CHOP mRNA levels in rMC1 treated with palmitate compared to control (CT) (^aP < 0.05 vs ND, n = 3-4 and ^cP < 0.05 vs CT, area under the curve across all the time points was calculated, n = 3-4). HFD: High fat diet; PERK: Protein Kinase RNA-like endoplasmic-reticulum kinase; XBP: Xbox binding protein; ATF6: Activating transcription factor 6; CHOP: CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein; IRE1: Inositol requiring enzyme 1.