Serum levels of undercarboxylated osteocalcin are related to cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy subjects

Table 2 Biochemical parameters according to study group

Variable	T2D (n = 70)	HS (n = 70)	P value
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
TC (mg/dL)	220.7 ± 84.7	181 ± 35.5	< 0.01
TG (mg/dL)1	140.9 (87.6-200.5)	108.0 (84.0-145.0)	< 0.05
HDLc (mg/dL)	43.1 ± 15.5	68.3 ± 18.0	< 0.001
LDLc (mg/dL)	129.8 ± 37.1	108.9 ± 33.1	< 0.05
VLDLc (mg/dL)	31.1 ± 18.6	25.8 ± 20.0	< 0.05
LDLc/HDLc	3 ± 1.7	2.2 ± 0.1	< 0.05
TC/HDLc	4.7 ± 1.9	3.4 ± 1.5	< 0.01
FPG (mg/dL)	161.9 ± 69.5	88.3 ± 9.0	< 0.001
FINS (mcUI/mL)	15.8 ± 7.0	13.8 ± 11.6	NS
HOMA-IR	6.8 ± 4.1	3 ± 2.6	< 0.001
hs-CRP (ng/L)	3 ± 3.1	2.1 ± 0.8	NS
ucOC (ng/mL)	1.5 ± 1.4	2.3 ± 1.8	< 0.05

¹Values are expressed as median and interquartilar range. Statistical significances were determined using Student’s t test (for data normally distributed) or Mann-Whitney test (for data not normally distributed). TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; HDLc: Cholesterol bound to high-density lipoproteins; LDLc: Cholesterol bound to low-density lipoproteins; VLDLc: Cholesterol bound to very low-density lipoproteins; LDLc/HDLc: LDLc/HDLc ratio; TC/HDLc: TC/HDLc ratio; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; FINS: Fasting serum insulin; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; hs-CRP: High sensitivity C reactive protein; ucOC: Undercarboxylated osteocalcina; NS: Non statistically significant.