Serum levels of undercarboxylated osteocalcin are related to cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy subjects

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics according to study group

Variable	T2D (n = 70)	HS( n = 70)	P value
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Age (yr)	54.0 ± 5.0	51.8 ± 7.4	NS
Gender M/F	29/41	30/40	NS
Weight (kg)	75 ± 18.1	72.1 ± 14.8	NS
Height (cm)	159.6 ± 10.1	161.1 ± 7.5	NS
BMI (kg/m2)	29.3 ± 6.5	27.6 ± 5.2	NS
WC (cm)	99.2 ± 18.1	90.7 ± 12.3	< 0.01
WHR	0.93 ± 0.14	0.87 ± 0.08	< 0.01
Fat percentage	34.5 ± 8.5	33.2 ± 8.7	NS
SBP (mmHg)	143.3 ± 21.5	113.3 ± 11	< 0.001
DBP (mmHg)	86 ± 12.3	74.9 ± 7.5	< 0.001
Current smoking n (%)	24 (38.1)	9 (27.3)	< 0.05
Alcohol use n (%)	29 (46)	2 (3.9)	< 0.001
Physical inactivity n (%)	32 (50.8)	31 (60.8)	NS

Statistical significances were determined using Student’s t test (for data normally distributed) or Mann-Whitney test (for data not normally distributed) and χ² test (for qualitative variables). T2D: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; HS: Healthy subjects; M/F: Male/female; BMI: Body mass index; WC: Waist circumference; WHR: Waist-to-hip ratio; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; NS: Non statistically significant.