Metformin revisited: Does this regulator of AMP-activated protein kinase secondarily affect bone metabolism and prevent diabetic osteopathy

Figure 4 Actions of metformin on bone metabolism - animal studies. Orally administered metformin promotes the osteogenic potential of bone MSC, increases the quality of bone tissue (improving its micro-architecture and mineral density) and facilitates the repair of bone lesions. In addition, metformin may prevent experimental diabetic osteopathy as well as ovariectomy-induced bone loss. MSC: Marrow stromal cells; BMD: Bone mineral density; p-AMPK: Phosphorylated AMP-activated kinase.