Place of technosphere inhaled insulin in treatment of diabetes

Table 3 Candidate patients for technosphere insulin

Patients with type 1 diabetes who are taking basal insulin once daily, but prefers to take their prandial insulin in the inhaled formulation

Patients with type 2 diabetes uncontrolled on oral agents, and are reluctant to start subcutaneous insulin due to needle phobia or other reasons

Patients already on subcutaneous prandial insulin who develop frequent late post-prandial hypoglycemia (4-5 h after meals)

Any patient who develops skin reactions to insulin subcutaneous injections such as lipoatrophy or lipohypertrophy

In combination of automated artificial pancreas to provide rapid insulin delivery right after meals[20]