Impact of diabetes mellitus on risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: Evidence on health outcomes and antidiabetic treatment in United States adults

Table 7 Age-race-adjusted rates of five selected predicators for cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes at baseline, 2000-2009 National Health Interview Surveys

	Patients with DM at baseline
	Male (n = 9892)		Female (n = 12413)
	Rate	(SEP)	Rate	(SEP)	P value
Education
Less than HS	21.53	(0.50)	24.82	(0.47)	< 0.0001
HS Graduated	28.44	(0.59)	30.61	(0.55)	0.0100
≥ College	50.03	(0.60)	44.57	(0.56)	< 0.0001
Smoking status
No smoker	40.92	(0.58)	61.60	(0.53)	< 0.0001
Former smoker	36.03	(0.58)	17.81	(0.49)	< 0.0001
Current smoker	23.05	(0.46)	20.59	(0.35)	< 0.0001
Exercise
Inactive	42.80	(0.63)	49.34	(0.62)	< 0.0001
Insufficiently active	26.88	(0.52)	27.98	(0.49)	0.1000
Sufficiently active	30.32	(0.61)	22.68	(0.47)	< 0.0001
BMI, kg/m2
Overweight	34.21	(0.55)	25.82	(0.46)	< 0.0001
Obesity	47.13	(0.60)	53.88	(0.51)	< 0.0001
Medical condition
Hypertension	52.54	(0.58)	54.55	(0.46)	0.0100

Education ≥ College including those with associate degrees. Overweight: Body mass index (BMI) 25 to 29.9 kg/m². Obesity: BMI ≥ 30 kg/m². P values were given by χ² test. HS: High school.