Does parity worsen diabetes-related chronic complications in women with type 1 diabetes?

Table 3 Effect of parity on body mass index evaluated by random intercept multivariate linear regression and adjusted for clinical and demographic data

Variable	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	P value
Parity
Nulliparous (reference)
1	0.400 (0.278)	0.291 (0.276)	0.291 (0.277)	NS
2	0.366 (0.350)	0.320 (0.347)	0.326 (0.350)	NS
3	0.171 (0.456)	0.119 (0.453)	0.111 (0.454)	NS
≥ 4	1.013 (0.563)	1.029 (0.558)	1.051 (0.560)	0.06
Age	0.081 (0.014)	0.069 (0.014)	0.069 (0.014)	NS
Duration of Diabetes (yr)	0.007 (0.015)	0.011 (0.015)	0.013 (0.015)	NS
Insulin dose (U/kg per day)		-1.237 (0.253)	-1.239 (0.254)	(< 0.001)
Metformin use (yr)		-0.960 (0.678)	-0.994(0.679)	NS
Economic status (classes)				NS
High (reference)
Medium			0.677 (0.392)
Low			0.551 (0.386)
Very low			0.353 (0.397)
Ethnicity (non-caucasian)			-0.028 (0.201)	NS
Intercept	23.233 (0.166)	23.281 (0.171)	23.814 (0.377)
Variability attributable to centers
Variance	0.296 (0.148)	0.340 (0.161)	0.321 (0.155)
Variability attributable to patients
Variance	12.475 (0.456)	12.251 (0.448)	12.226 (0.447)
-2 × loglik	8.192.640	8167.357	8.163.366

Data are presented as B coefficient or variance (standard error); continuous independent variables are centered on the mean. Model 1: Adjusted for age and duration of diabetes; Model 2: Adjusted for age, duration of diabetes, insulin dose and metformin use; Model 3: Adjusted for age, duration of diabetes, insulin dose, metformin use, economic status and ethnicity.