Contractile apparatus dysfunction early in the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy

Figure 1 Cellular signaling pathways. A: Cellular signaling pathways driving contractile dysfunction in early diabetic cardiomyopathy; B: Cellular signaling pathways involved in the development of overt LV diastolic dysfunction in diabetes. ANGII: Angiotensin II; DAG: Diacylglycerol; NADPH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; PKC: Protein kinase C; RAAS: Renin angiotensin aldosterone system; ROCK: Rho kinase; AGE: Advanced glycation end products; ANG1-7: Angiotensin 1-7; ETC: Electron transport chain; iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase; NF-κB: Nuclear factor-κB; NO: Nitric oxide; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; LV: Left ventricle.