Gene-gene, gene-environment, gene-nutrient interactions and single nucleotide polymorphisms of inflammatory cytokines

Table 1 Frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms of cytokines in various ethnic groups

S no	Ethnic group	n	IL6 -174G/C genotype frequency			Ref.
			GG (%)	GC (%)	CC (%)
1	Diabetic Turkish	96	83.9		16.1	Karadeniz et al[5]
2	Diabetic Indians	40	57	28	15	Mukhopadhyaya et al[33]
	Healthy Indians	40	30	33	37
3	Diabetic Finnish	737	61		39	Razquin et al[27]
4	Diabetic Mexicans	90	76.7	20	3.3	Guzmán-Guzmán et al[34]
			IL6 -572 G/C allele frequency
			GG (%)	GC (%)	CC (%)
5	Healthy Chinese	581	3.74	39.8	56.4	Zhou et al[35]
6	Diabetic Mexicans	90	61.1	30	8.9	Guzmán-Guzmán et al[34]
7	Healthy Caucasians	677	6.2	39	54.8	Paik et al[36]
			TNFα -308G/A allele frequency
			GG (%)	GA (%)	AA (%)
8	Diabetic Mexicans	278	76		24	Pérez-Martínez et al[31]
9	Diabetic Caucasians	350	87		13	Chan et al[37]
10	Diabetic Indians	40	87.5	5	7.5	Mukhopadhyaya et al[33]
	Healthy Indians	40	92.5	0	7.5
			TNFα -238 G/A allele frequency
			GG (%)	GA (%)	AA (%)
11	Healthy Iranians	202	79.3	19.2	1.5	Hedayati et al[38]
12	Diabetic Canadians	123	85.4	14.6		Fontaine-Bisson et al[14]
13	Diabetic Chileans	230	90	10	0	Santos et al[30]
			RETN -420 G/C allele frequency
			CC %	GC%	GG%
14	Diabetic Japanese	161	47.2	46	6.8	Hishida et al[39]
	Healthy Japanese	2491	42.6	43.7	13.7
15	Diabetic Han Chinese	318	60	40		Chi et al[40]
	Healthy Han Chinese	370	61.5	38.5
16	Diabetic Finnish	258	65	35		Kunnari et al[41]
	Healthy Finnish	494	73	27
			ADIPOQ -11377 G/C allele frequency
17	Diabetics White	503	79	21		Chiodini et al[42]
18	Diabetic Han Chinese	212	68.6	31.4		Yang et al[43]
19	Diabetic Germans	365	71	29		Schwarz et al[44]