Effects of exercise on brain functions in diabetic animal models

Table 1 Summary of animal models of type 1 diabetes mellitus

Induction	Models	Dose(s) (mg/kg)	Main characteristics	Model uses
Chemicals	Streptozotocin	Rat 35-65 (iv or ip) Mice 100-200 (iv or ip) Hamster 50 (ip) Dog 20-30 (iv) Pig 100-150 (iv) Primates 50-150 (iv)		New formulations of insulin transplantation models
	Alloxan	Rat 40-200 (iv or ip) Mice 50-200 (iv or ip) Rabbit 100-150 (iv or ip) Dog 50-75 (iv or ip)	Hyperglycemia
	Multiple low dose Streptozotocin			Treatments prevent beta cell destructions
Spontaneous autoimmune	NOD mice BB rats LEW.1AR1/-iddm rats		Beta cell destruction due to an autoimmune process	Understanding genetics of T1DM Understanding mechanism of T1DM Treatments prevent beta cell destruction Treatments manipulate autoimmune process
Genetically induced	AKITA		Beta cell destruction due to ER stress Insulin dependent	New formulations of insulin Transplantation models Treatments to prevent ER stress
Virally-induced	Coxsakie B virus Encephalomyocarditis virus Kilham rat virus		Beta cell destruction induced by viral infection of beta cells	Establish potential role of viruses in the development of T1DM

iv: Intravenous injection; ip: Intraperitoneal injection; T1DM: Type 1 diabetes mellitus.