Diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy: Do we have any treatment perspectives?

Table 4 Arterial stiffness parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiac autonomic neuropathy

Parameter	Control (n = 12)	Patients with T2DM without CVD and CAN (n = 12)	Patients with T2DM and CAN (n = 21)
	1st group	2nd group	3rd group
AIxao (%)	20.6 ± 1.71	26.7 ± 1.84a	33.7 ± 1.24ce
AIxbr (%)	-33.7 ± 2.86	-23.4 ± 1.91b	-7.9 ± 2.67cf
PWV (m/s)	7.2 ± 0.31	8.9 ± 0.25c	11.1 ± 0.39cf
AASI	0.3 ± 0.02	0.36 ± 0.02a	0.47 ± 0.03ce

Δ%, Mean ± SEM;

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01,

^cP < 0.001 - compared to 1^st group;

^eP < 0.01,

^fP < 0.001 - compared to 2^nd group. T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; CAN: Cardiac autonomic neuropathy; CVD: Cardiovascular diseases; AIxao: Aortha augmentation index; AIxbr: Brachial augmentation index; PWV: Pulse wave velocity; AASI: Ambulatory arterial stiffness index.