Diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy: Do we have any treatment perspectives?

Table 2 Changes of the immunoreactive insulin, leptin, high reactive C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factol alpha levels after 3-mo of treatment

Parameter	Patients with T2DM and CAN (n = 81)
	1st group	2nd group	3rd group	4th group	5th group
	(n = 15)	(n = 21)	(n = 12)	(n = 18)	(n = 15)
IRI	-6.8 ± 2.0	-10.3 ± 1.1	-12.7 ± 1.4a	-15.9 ± 1.6be	-20.9 ± 0.9cfij
Leptin	-7.1 ± 1.8	-15.8 ± 1.7b	-6.4 ± 1.4f	-16.3 ± 1.2ci	-18.4 ± 1.4ci
hsCRP	-7.2 ± 1.6	-14.8 ± 2.4a	-13.3 ± 2.1a	-15.2 ± 1.9b	-22.6 ± 1.6cehk
TNF-α	-6.1 ± 1.0	-14.1 ± 2.1b	-10.2 ± 1.6a	-14.7 ± 1.8c	-19.8 ± 1.6cdil

The results are presented as % change from baseline, (Δ%, Mean ± SEM);

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01,

^cP < 0.001 - compared to 1^st group;

^dP < 0.05,

^eP < 0.01,

^fP < 0.001 - compared to 2^nd group;

^hP < 0.01,

ⁱP < 0.001 - compared to 3^rd group;

^jP < 0.05,

^kP < 0.01,

^lP < 0.001 - compared to 4^th group. T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; CAN: Cardiac autonomic neuropathy; IRI: Immunoreactive insulin; hsCRP: High reactive C-reactive protein; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factol alpha.