Erythropoietin and diabetes mellitus

Figure 1 Erythropoietin signal transduction pathways that can lead to clinical benefit during diabetes mellitus. EPO governs a number of signal transduction pathways that involve protein kinase B (Akt), the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), Wnt and WISP1 signaling, mammalian forkhead transcription factors of the O class (FoxO), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), and AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK). EPO: Erythropoietin; Akt: Protein kinase B; mTOR: Mechanistic target of rapamycin; FoxO: Factors of the O class; SIRT1: Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae); AMPK: AMP activated protein kinase.