Molecular and biochemical trajectories from diabetes to Alzheimer’s disease: A critical appraisal

Figure 5 Diagrammatic representation of mammalian target of rapamycin pathway: A crucial intersection of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. Diabetes results in dysfunctional insulin signaling which brings mTOR pathway down and ultimately results in autophagy failure to accumulate Aβ, inhibit re-entry of post mitotic neurons in cell cycle, stimulate aberrant growth pathways, lose of translational control and impaired neurogenesis, etc. T2D: Type 2 diabetes; IGF: Insulin like growth factor; mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin; Aβ: Amyloid beta; ROS: Reactive oxygen species.