Obesity and cardiometabolic disease risk factors among US adolescents with disabilities

Table 3 Prevalence of abnormal cardiometabolic disease risk factors among those who are overweight, obese and severely obese and 12-18 years old with and without disabilities in the United States compared to those of normal weight^a, 1999-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys n (%)

Cardiometabolic disease risk factors	Normal weighta	Overweight	P-value	Obese	P-value	Severely obese	P-value
Waist circumference, cmb
Disability	0 (0)	33 (29.7)	< 0.0001	33 (53.0)	< 0.0001	15 (90.7)	< 0.0001
No disability	0 (0)	441 (23.8)	< 0.0001	432 (43.6)	< 0.0001	225 (94.6)	< 0.0001
Systolic blood pressure, mmHgc
Disability	5 (4.2)	20 (17.6)	0.02	16 (24.2)	0.01	7 (37.4)	0.004
No disability	145 (3.7)	251 (12.8)	< 0.0001	169 (14.5)	< 0.0001	57 (21.5)	< 0.0001
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHgc
Disability	15 (11.6)	17 (16.5)	0.49	8 (16.0)	0.69	2 (16.2)	0.86
No disability	367 (11.2)	194 (11.4)	0.83	121 (12.5)	0.35	45 (19.6)	0.0002
High density lipoprotein, mg/dLd
Disability	23 (15.7)	42 (37.8)	< 0.001	30 (47.0)	0.001	11 (62.0)	0.006
No disability	370 (13.2)	583 (33.7)	< 0.0001	390 (41.0)	< 0.0001	113 (56.0)	< 0.0001
Triglycerides, mg/dLd
Disability	13 (23.3)	21 (34.2)	0.82	16 (45.8)	0.06	7 (67.1)	0.007
No disability	224 (16.6)	271 (31.4)	< 0.0001	182 (40.8)	< 0.0001	46 (50.1)	< 0.0001
Glucose, mg/dLe
Disability	9 (6.1)	13 (15.5)	0.03	8 (13.9)	0.5	0 (0)	-
No disability	232 (7.4)	171 (8.5)	0.35	107 (10.7)	0.02	26 (12.1)	0.05
Metabolic syndrome (≥ 3 risk factors)
Disability	0 (0)	17 (15.7)	< 0.0001	17 (28.1)	< 0.0001	11 (61.3)	< 0.0001
No disability	8 (0.20)	153 (9.1)	< 0.0001	144 (15.4)	< 0.0001	71 (31.2)	< 0.0001

^aNormal weight = body mass index < 85^th percentile for age and sex, overweight = body mass index ≥ 85^th-< 95^th percentile for age and sex, obese = body mass index ≥ 95^th percentile for age and sex (Kuczmarski et al[23], 2000) severely obese = absolute body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m² (Kelly et al[24], 2000);

^b> 90^th percentile for age and sex (Fernandez et al[18], 2004);

^c> 90^th percentile for age and sex (National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents, 2004);

^d> 90^th percentile for age and sex for triglycerides, < 10^th percentile for age and sex for HDL cholesterol (Hickman et al[20], 1998);

^e> 100 mg/dL (American Diabetes Association, 2006).