Rare complications of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis

Table 1 Incidence of complications of pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis

System	Dysfunction	Incidence
Vascular	Deep vein thrombosis	50% with central venous catheter placement[26,27]
Neurological	Cerebral edema Cerebral venous thrombosis Hemorrhagic or ischemic brain infarction	0.5%-1%[11-13] Rare (2 known cases) 10% of intracerebral complications[32]
Musculoskeletal	Rhabdomyolysis	Unavailable; 10% of adults with DKA[43]
Respiratory	Pneumomediastinum Pulmonary edema	Unavailable; 50 documented cases over pediatric and adult populations[54,55,58] Unavailable; described in study of 7 pediatric patients with DKA[63]
Gastrointestinal	Pancreatitis GI Bleed	2%[67] No documented cases in children; 9% in adults with DKA[74]
Neurological	Memory dysfunction	Unavailable; described in study of 33 pediatric patients with remote history of DKA[79]

DKA: Diabetic ketoacidosis.