Risks of rapid decline renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes

Table 3 Definitions of rapid renal function decline

	Population (Nationality)	Rapid renal function decline	Ref.
Study
	United States 4380 patients from the community-based CHS ≥ 65 years old Follow-up: 7 yr 14% with diabetes	> 3 mL/min per 1.73 m2 per year	Reviewed by KDIGO CKD Work Group[18]: Shlipak et al[28] Rifkin et al[30]
	Taiwan 577 type 2 diabetes patients from an outpatient department in a hospital-based study 63 years old (mean age) Follow-up: 1 yr	> 3 mL/min per 1.73 m2 per year	Sheen et al[72]
	472 CKD 4-5 patients from an outpatient department in a hospital-based study 65 years old (mean age) 35.4% with diabetes Follow-up: 1.5 yr (17.3 mo)		Tsai et al[118]
	Canada 4231 patients with eGFR < 30 mL/min per 1.73 m2 from a cohort derived from all patients registered in a provincial database Follow-up: 2.5 yr (31 mo)	> 4 mL/min per 1.73 m2 per year	Levin et al[26]
	Italy 1682 type 2 diabetes patients with eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 from an outpatient department in a hospital based study Follow-up: 10 yr	> 4% per year	Zoppini et al[70]
	Canada 3154 patients with eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2, from the community based Walkerton Health Study (2002 to 2008) Follow-up: 7 yr	> 5% per year	Clark et al[74,119]
	Taiwan 7968 civil servants and teachers ≥ 50 years old (mean age: 57 years old) Follow-up: 15 yr	> 20% per year	Reviewed by KDIGO CKD Work Group[18]: Cheng et al[29]
	Taiwan 167 patients in a hospital based study	> 25% per year	Chen et al[85]
Review	Chronic kidney disease Lancet	> 4 mL/min per 1.73 m2 per year	Levey et al[3]
Guideline	KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease KDIGO CKD Work Group	> 5 mL/min per 1.73 m2 per year	Inker et al[10] KDIGO CKD Work Group[18]

CHS: Cardiovascular Health Study; KDIGO: Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; CKD: Chronic kidney disease.