Risks of rapid decline renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes

Table 1 Prevalence of albuminuria and impaired glomerular filtration rate in diabetic patients

Ref.	Population (Nationality)	Albuminuria prevalence	Impaired GFR prevalence
Parving et al[13]	International DEMAND study of 33 countries 2006 32208 type 2 diabetic patients	Microalbuminuria: 39% Macroalbuminuria: 10%	22%
Bos et al[108] data from: Herman et al[109] Hamed et al[111]	Northern Africa Systematic review of PubMed 1990-2012 > 18 years old diabetic patients	Egypt 1998: Albuminuria: 21%[109] Sudan 2008 (insulin treated diabetic patients): Albuminuria: 22%[110]	Egypt 1998-Outpatient clinics: 6.7%[109] Egypt 1995-Hospital inpatients: 46.3%[111]
Icks A and Koch M Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in diseases. In: Wolf G. Diabetes and Kidney Disease[11], data from: Chadban et al[112]	Australia AusDiab study: a national population-based cross-sectional survey > 25 years old diabetic patients	8.70% proteinuria-spot urine protein to creatinine ratio (abnormal: > 0.20 mg/mg)	27.60%
Unnikrishnan et al[113]	Southern India CURES 45 study 17, 16 type 2 diabetic patients	Microalbuminuria: 36.9% Macroalbuminuria: 2.2%	-
Icks A and Koch M Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease in diseases. In: Wolf G. Diabetes and Kidney Disease[11], data from: Lin et al[114]	Taiwan Community-based screening 1999–2001 > 30 years old type 2 diabetic patients	29.40% proteinuria-spot urine protein to creatinine ratio (abnormal: > 0.20 mg/mg)	15.10%
Yang et al[115]	China A nationally representative sample from 14 provinces and municipalities > 20 years old diabetic patients	17.30%	19.10%
Lou Arnal et al[116]	Spain A survey of 16 Health Centers of the Alcañiz Health Sector 2008 > 18 years old, 3466 type 2 diabetic patients	31.70%	25.20%
Detournay et al[117]	France ENTRED data 2007 A survey of the national public prescription claims database Type 2 diabetic patients	-	22%
Collins et al[14]	United Status NHANES study 2005-2010 Adult diabetic patients	29.90%	19.30%
Al-Rubeaan et al[54]	Saudi Arabia SNDR data > 25 yr, 54670 type 2 diabetic patients	Microalbuminuria: 1.2% Macroalbuminuria: 8.1%	GFR < 30 mL/min per 1.73 m2: 1.50%

Albuminuria: Albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) > 30 mg/g; Microalbuminuria: UACR 30-300 mg/g; Macroalbuminuria: UACR > 300 mg/g; Impaired glomerular filtration rate (GFR): Estimated GFR < 60 mL/min per 1.73 m²; DEMAND: Developing Education on Microalbuminuria for Awareness of renal and cardiovascular risk in Diabetes study; AusDiab: The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study; CURES: Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study; ENTRED: Échantillon national témoin représentatif des personnes diabétiques (National Representative Sample of Diabetic Patients); NHANES: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; SNDR: Saudi National Diabetes Registry.