Fifteen-year follow-up of quality of life in type 1 diabetes mellitus

doi:10.4239/wjd.v5.i4.569

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World Journal of Diabetes

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World J Diabetes. Aug 15, 2014; 5(4): 569-576
Published online Aug 15, 2014. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i4.569

Table 2 Observed clinical parameters and health-related quality of life at long-term follow-up

Clinical characteristics	1995			2002			2010
	All	MDI	CSII	All	MDI	CSII	All	MDI	From MDI to CSII	CSII	CSII total
	(n = 281)	(n = 209)	(n = 72)	(n = 201)	(n = 110)	(n = 91)	(n = 113)	(n = 52)	(n = 33)	(n = 28)	(n = 61)
BMI (kg/m²)	24.4 (22.4, 26.6)	24.7 (22.6, 26.9)	23.8 (22.2, 26.0)	25.5 (23.4, 28.4)	25.4 (23.2, 27.8)	25.6 (23.5, 28.7)	24.7 (22.5, 26.7)	25.6 (24.0, 30.2)	26.8(24.6, 28.8)	25.4 (22.8, 29.3)	26.6 (24.2, 29.0)
Systolic BP (mmHg)	139.1 (± 18.4)	138.9 (± 19.1)	139.5 (± 16.6)	130.5 (± 17.6)	132.5 (± 18.0)	127.8 (± 17.0)	137.6 (± 17.2)	131.9 (± 13.8)	129.4 (± 12.9)	131.1 (± 12.8)	130.2 (± 12.8)
HbA_1c (mmol/mol)	8.2 (± 1.8)	8.2 (± 1.8)	8.3 (± 1.8)	7.6 (± 1.0)	7.7 (± 1.0)	7.4 (± 1.0)	7.9 (± 1.8)	7.4 (± 1.0)	7.6 (± 0.81)	7.6 (± 0.9)	7.6 (± 0.9)
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	5.0 (± 1.0)	5.0 (± 1.0)	5.0 (± 1.0)	4.6 (± 0.9)	4.6 (± 0.9)	4.6 (± 1.0)	4.8 (± 0.9)	4.9 (± 0.9)	4.9 (± 0.8)	4.8 (± 0.6)	6.0 (± 0.9)
eGFR (MDRD; mL/ min per 1.73 m²)	86.8 (± 23.0)	89.0 (± 24.6)	80.5 (± 16.2)	87.8 (± 21.8)	81.5 (± 24.7)	80.8 (± 15.0)	88.8 (± 15.8)	91.0 (± 21.1)	92.2 (± 21.7)	92.8 (± 18.7)	92.5 (± 20.2)
SF-36
Subscales
Physical functioning	95.0 (90.0, 100.0)	95.0 (90.0, 100.0)	95.0 (76.3, 98.8)	95.0 (90.0, 100.0)	95.0 (95.0, 100.0)	95.0 (90.0, 100.0)	95.0 (87.5, 100.0)	95.0 (85.0, 100.0)	95.0 (85.0, 100.0)	95.0 (90.0, 100.0)	95.0 (90.0, 100.0)
Social functioning	100.0 (75.0, 100.0)	100.0 (87.5, 100.0)	87.5 (62.5, 100.0)	100.0 (87.5, 100.0)	100.0 (87.5, 100.0)	100.0 (75.0, 100.0)	87.5 (75.0, 100.0)	93.8 (75.0, 100.0)	87.5 (87.5, 100.0)	87.5 (65.6, 100.0)	87.5 (75.0, 100.0)
Role limitations- physical	100.0 (75.0, 100.0)	100.0 (100.0, 100.0)	100.0 (50.0, 100.0)	100.0 (100.0, 100.0)	100.0 (100.0, 100.0)	100.0 (68.8, 100.0)	100.0 (75.0, 100.0)	100.0 (100.0, 100.0)	100.0 (75.0, 100.0)	100.0 (56.3, 100.0)	100.0 (75.0, 100.0)
Role limitations- emotional	100.0 (100.0, 100.0)	100.0 (100.0, 100.0)	100.0 (33.3, 100.0)	100.0 (100.0, 100.0)	100.0 (100.0, 100.0)	100.0 (66.7, 100.0)	100.0 (100.0, 100.0)	100.0 (100.0, 100.0)	100.0 (100.0, 100.0)	100.0 (100.0, 100.0)	100.0 (100.0, 100.0)
Mental health	80.0 (68.0, 88.0)	84.0 (72.0, 92.0)	74.0 (60.0, 84.0)	84.0 (72.0, 88.0)	84.0 (76.0, 92.0)	76.0 (68.0, 84.0)	84.0 (76.0, 90.0)	88.0 (80.0, 92.0)	84.0 (72.0, 88.0)	84.0 (73.0, 88.0)	84.0 (72.0, 88.0)
Vitality	70.0 (55.0, 80.0)	75.0 (60.0, 85.0)	60.0 (41.3, 80.0)	70.0 (60.0, 80.0)	75.0 (60.0, 85.0)	65.0 (53.8, 80.0)	70.0 (55.0, 80.0)	72.5 (55.0, 80.0)	70.0 (57.5, 80.0)	62.5 (55.0, 78.8)	65.0 (65.0, 80.0)
Bodily pain	100.0 (74.0, 100.0)	100.0 (84.0, 100.0)	84.0 (62.0, 100.0)	100.0 (84.0, 100.0)	100.0 (84.0, 100.0)	100.0 (74.0, 100.0)	100.0 (79.6, 100.0)	100.0 (79.6, 100.0)	89.8 (87.8, 100.0)	89.8 (79.6, 100.0)	89.8 (83.7, 100.0)
General Health	72.0 (57.0, 87.0)	72.0 (62.0, 87.0)	67.0 (47.0, 82.0)	72.0 (62.0, 87.0)	77.0 (62.0, 87.0)	72.0 (57.0, 87.0)	65.0 (50.0, 75.0)	65.0 (50.0, 75.0)	65.0 (55.0, 75.0)	65.0 (45.0, 75.0)	65.0 (52.5, 75.0)
Component scores
MCS	83.5 (71.4, 89.1)	84.3 (75.2, 89.9)	75.1 (52.5, 87.2)	80.9 (66.2, 87.7)	80.5 (67.3, 87.1)	80.8 (63.2, 88.1)	85.3 (77.0, 90.6)	83.0 (67.0, 88.9)	80.9 (74.4, 86.2)	78.8 (66.5, 87.5)	80.8 (6.80, 86.5)
PCS	86.8 (75.3, 92.8)	87.8 (79.3, 92.9)	79.1 (57.8, 89.1)	83.5 (70.5, 90.1)	83.5 (73.0, 91.2)	84.0 (68.8, 89.3)	88.7 (79.5, 93.7)	84.9 (75.8, 90.8)	86.3 (74.9, 90.0)	81.9 (68.2, 89.6)	82.9 (74.8, 89.9)
EuroQol
EuroQol-5D	1.00 (0.81, 1.00)	1.00 (0.82, 1.00)	0.84 (0.77, 1.00)	1.00 (0.81, 1.00)	1.00 (0.80, 1.00)	0.95 (0.81, 1.00)	1.00 (0.84, 1.00)	1.00 (0.89, 1.00)	1.00 (0.84, 1.00)	1.00 (0.84, 1.00)	1.00 (0.84, 1.00)
EuroQol-VAS	85.0 (70.0, 91.0)	85.0 (75.0, 91.0)	80.0 (70.0, 93.8)	75.0 (70.0, 85.0)	75.0 (68.8, 85.0)	80.0 (70.0, 86.0)	85.0 (80.0, 95.0)	80.0 (70.0, 90.0)	80.0 (70.0, 85.0)	75.0 (80.0, 85.0)	75.0 (70.0, 85.0)

Data are presented as the mean (SD), n (%) or median (interquartile range). BMI: Body mass index; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; MDI: Multiple daily injections; CSII: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion; MDRD: Modification of diet in renal disease; MCS: Mental component summary; PCS: Physical component summary.

Citation: van Dijk PR, Logtenberg SJ, Groenier KH, Keers JC, Bilo HJ, Kleefstra N. Fifteen-year follow-up of quality of life in type 1 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2014; 5(4): 569-576
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v5/i4/569.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v5.i4.569