Diabetes and cancer: Associations, mechanisms, and implications for medical practice

Table 1 Combined relative risk and 95%CI in meta-analyses of cohort studies of cancer risk in different organs of diabetic patients

Cancer	Ref.	No. of cohort studies	RR (95%CI)	RR (95%CI) male	RR (95%CI) female
Pancreas	Ben et al[76], 2011	35	1.94 (1.66-2.27)	1.70 (1.55-1.87)1	1.60 (1.43-1.77)1
Liver	Wang et al[56], 2012	18	2.01 (1.61-2.51)	1.96 (1.71-2.24)1	1.66 (1.14-2.41)1
Breast	De Bruijn et al[66], 2013	20	1.23 (1.12-1.34)	NA	1.23 (1.12-1.34)
Endometrium	Zhang et al[67], 2013	15	1.81 (1.38-2.37)	NA	1.81 (1.38-2.37)
Colon-rectum	Jiang et al[62], 2011	30	1.27 (1.21-1.34)	1.25 (1.17-1.33)1	1.23 (1.13-1.33)1
Kidney	Bao et al[70], 2013	11	1.39 (1.09-1.78)	1.28 (1.10-1.48)	1.47 (1.18-1.73)
Bladder	Zhu et al[73], 2013	29	1.29 (1.08-1.54)	1.36 (1.05-1.77)	1.28 (0.75-2.19)
Prostate	Zhang et al[78], 2012	25	0.92 (0.81-1.05)	0.92 (0.81-1.05)	NA
Gastric	Yoon et al[81], 2013	11	1.20 (1.08-1.34)	1.10 (0.97-1.24)	1.24 (1.01-1.52)
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma	Castillo et al[85], 2012	11	1.21 (1.02-1.45)	1.13 (0.96-1.34)	1.24 (0.97-1.58)

¹Based on the studies reported by gender. NA: Unavailable.