Recent advances in the molecular genetics of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Figure 3 Mechanisms of insulin resistance. The figure shows the mechanisms by which gene variants may impair insulin action in the insulin target tissues muscle, fat and liver. Peripheral insulin resistance in muscle and fat reduces cellular glucose uptake, whereas insulin resistance in liver results in a failure to suppress glucose production and gluconeogenesis. Genes whose variations can influence the risk of developing insulin resistance and T2DM are indicated in black italic uppercase. T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.