Excess vitamin intake: An unrecognized risk factor for obesity

Table 4 Obesity rate in selected countries with different wheat flour fortification policies

Country	Food policy	Standard (mg/kg flour, min)			Obesity rate
		Niacin	Vitamin B1	Vitamin B2	in children
Canada	Mandatory1	52.9	6.4	4	9-104
United States	Mandatory1	52.9	6.4	4	6.85
Kuwait	Mandatory1	52.9	6.4	4	14.66
Saudi Arabia	Mandatory1	52.9	6.4	4	6-6.77
United Kingdom	Mandatory1	16	2.4	0	5.15
Finland	Prohibited2	0	0	0	2.55
Norway	Prohibited2	0	0	0	2.25
France	Prohibited3	0	0	0	1.65

¹Reference 36;

²Reference 19;

³Reference 42;

⁴Reference 43, children (7-13 years) in 1996;

⁵Reference 44, children (10 to 16 years) in 2001-2002;

⁶Reference 45, children (10 to 14 years) in 2005-2006;

⁷Reference 46 Children (1 to 18 years).