Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on type 2 diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive literature review

doi:10.4239/wjd.v4.i6.238

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Dec 15, 2013 (publication date) through Nov 4, 2024

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Diabetes. Dec 15, 2013; 4(6): 238-244
Published online Dec 15, 2013. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v4.i6.238

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Figure 1 Flow diagram demonstrating interplay between obstructive sleep apnea, intermittent hypoxia, sleep fragmentation and diabetes. OSA: Obstructive sleep apnea; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B; PA₁: Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; HPA: Hypothalamic-pituitary axis; IL: Interleukin; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α. Modified from Ref [58].

Citation: Nannapaneni S, Ramar K, Surani S. Effect of obstructive sleep apnea on type 2 diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive literature review. World J Diabetes 2013; 4(6): 238-244
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v4/i6/238.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v4.i6.238