Impaired fasting glucose: Pro-diabetic, “atheroprotective” and modified by metabolic syndrome

Table 3 Cox regression analysis for incident diabetes, by gender, in the whole sample and in subjects free of metabolic syndrome

	Whole sample						With MetS
	Total, n = 238/23821		Men, n = 130/1140		Women, n = 108/1242		Total, n= 75/13601		Men, n = 49/6871		Women, n = 26/6731
	HR	95%CI	HR	95%CI	HR	95%CI	HR	95%CI	HR	95%CI	HR	95%CI
Sex (female)	0.53	0.38; 0.75					0.33	0.18-0.61
Age (11 yr)	1.10	0.97-1.26	1.19	1.00-1.41	1.00	0.82-1.23	1.13	0.90-1.40	1.14	0.87-1.48	1.09	0.73-1.62
IFG vs normoglycemia	2.83	2.17-3.71	2.65	1.82-3.86	3.10	2.10-4.58	2.06	1.04-4.06	2.59	1.19-5.64	1.38	0.32-5.97
Body m. index (5 kg/m2)	1.74	1.53-1.98	1.91	1.55-2.34	1.64	1.39-1.94	1.77	1.34-2.33	1.86	1.24-2.78	1.70	1.18-2.46
HDL-cholest (12 mg/dL)	0.95	0.82-1.10	0.99	0.79-1.22	0.92	0.75-1.13	1.05	0.83-1.31	1.10	0.85-1.41	0.96	0.66-1.43
Statin usage	1.25	0.59-2.68	2.62	0.96-7.18	0.76	0.24-2.43	2.13	0.49-9.26	7.63	1.66-35.2	0	few users
Antihypertensive drugs	1.18	0.85-1.64	1.32	0.81-2.14	1.12	0.71-1.76	1.70	0.84-3.42	2.19	0.88-5.44	1.32	0.46-3.82
Current vs never smoking	1.04	0.73-1.47	1.11	0.72-1.71	0.86	0.47-1.59	0.67	0.37-1.23	0.85	0.42-1.73	0.20	0.03-1.48
Former vs never smoking	1.38	0.93-2.05	1.24	0.79-1.97	1.98	0.86-4.54	1.24	0.63-2.44	1.25	0.58-2.70	1.47	0.20-11.0

¹Number of cases/number at risk. Mean age 52.5 years in the large sample. Missing people comprise lacking follow-up or missing values of individual factors in model. Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was present in 17%, antihypertensive drug usage in 18% and current smoking in 34% in the whole sample at baseline. In the lower model, 400 men and 146 women were current smokers. Statins were used in 17 men and 37 women. HDL: High-density lipoprotein; MetS: Metabolic syndrome.