Impaired fasting glucose: Pro-diabetic, “atheroprotective” and modified by metabolic syndrome

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study sample stratified by gender, presence of MetS and fasting blood glucose category

	Without metabolic syndrome
		Men			Women				Men			Women
		N’glyc. 91.4	IFG, 110.5 mg/dL	ANOVA	N’glyc. 92	IFG, 109 mg/dL	ANOVA		N’glyc. 93.3		ANOVA	N’glyc. 93.3	IFG, 111 mg/dL	ANOVA
	n	n= 857	n= 79		n= 813	n= 77		n	n= 460	n= 168		n= 471	n= 256
Age (yr)	1826	50.8 ± 12.7	54.3 ± 14.2	0.03	49.7 ± 12.2	49.7 ± 11.9	0.99	1355	54.1 ± 11.4	57 ± 12	0.008	55.3 ± 11.3	56.2 ± 12.2	0.31
Waist circumference (cm)	1826	89.3 ± 9.6	85.4 ± 8.5	0.001	84.7 ± 11	81.7 ± 9.8	0.023	1289	101.1 ± 8.4	98.9 ± 9.3	0.004	98.3 ± 10.3	95 ± 12	< 0.001
F. triglycerides (mg/dL)	1336	111.6 ±1.60	93 ± 1.33	< 0.001	95.7 ± 1.48	83.9 ± 1.36	0.001	1043	195 ± 1.62	155.2 ± 1.67	< 0.001	164.7±1.61	143 ± 1.65	0.001
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	1826	40.5 ± 12.5	43.9 ± 12.3	0.021	48.5 ± 13	52.3 ± 13.8	0.017	1291	32.3 ± 7.7	35 ± 10.1	0.002	39.4 ± 9	42.1 ± 11.7	< 0.001
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	1826	113 ± 30.9	102.8 ± 25.9	0.003	116 ± 33.8	109.1 ± 35.1	0.11	1355	116 ± 32.5	115.5 ± 33	0.90	127.4 ± 34.3	120.2 ± 34	0.015
Total cholest. (mg/dL)	1826	180 ± 36.5	167.4 ± 30.2	0.003	185 ± 38	179 ± 36.5	0.18	1355	189.2 ± 37.7	186.1 ± 35.8	0.35	199 ± 38.2	195 ± 39.7	0.18
Apo B (mg/dL)	618	111.8 ± 35	100.7 ± 22.7	0.07	108.9 ± 32.7	115 ± 41.6	0.34	505	128.6 ± 38.4	120.8 ± 43.5	0.18	131.6 ± 50.2	122.5 ± 41.7	0.13
Apo A-I (mg/dL)	583	127.7 ± 29.7	127.7 ± 35.8	1.00	145.9 ± 32	150.7 ± 35.2	0.44	486	123 ± 28.3	124.8 ± 30.8	0.67	137 ± 30	145 ± 36.4	0.067
Apo E (mg/dL)	574	4.26 ± 3.73	3.36 ± 0.98	0.24	4.03 ± 1.25	4.01 ± 1.11	0.94	455	4.50 ± 2.11	4.67 ± 2.99	0.64	4.67 ± 1.97	4.21 ± 1.39	0.063
Fast insulin (mIU/L)	1310	7.14 ± 2.06	5.97 ± 2.23	0.063	7.52 ± 2.01	7.41 ± 1.87	0.88	952	10.4 ± 1.80	9.7 ± 1.92	0.28	10.3 ± 1.75	9.5 ± 1.93	0.13
Lipoprotein(a) (mg/dL)	884	9.14 ± 2.92	8.48 ± 2.67	0.70	10.98 ± 2.93	15.96 ± 3.25	0.073	687	7.75 ± 3.01	8.75 ± 2.67	0.39	10.23 ± 2.96	11.32 ± 3.1	0.39
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	1826	77.1 ± 11	76.1 ± 7.8	0.43	78.6 ± 12.6	77 ± 12.3	0.18	1355	88 ± 13	87 ± 14.6	0.44	90.3 ± 13.5	87.7 ± 14.3	0.013
γ-glutamyltransf (U/L)	984	24.7 ± 1.78	22.5 ± 1.94	0.32	16.5 ± 1.80	19.2 ± 1.80	0.13	750	29.7 ± 1.85	27.6 ± 1.84	0.33	19.9 ± 1.88	21.1 ± 1.93	0.40
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1060	0.977 ± 0.18	0.963 ± 0.17	0.63	0.783 ± 0.31	0.75 ± 0.12	0.51	745	1.04 ± 0.25	0.96 ± 0.18	0.64	0.808 ± .19	0.77 ± 0.14	0.023
Smoking; curr., fast (%)	1800	58.9 ± 18.9	55.3 ± 21.1	0.82	21.9 ± 4	26.3 ± 6.6	0.33	1331	46 ± 25.6	37.7 ± 27.5	0.82	11.5 ± 3.8	15.7 ± 4.3	0.24

IFG: Impaired fasting glucose; BP: Blood pressure; Apo: Apolipoprotein; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; ANOVA: Analysis of variance.