Parental transmission of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a highly endogamous population

Table 4 Physical and clinical characteristics of patients among consanguine and non consanguine parents (n = 1980)

Parameters	Consanguineous (n = 718)				Non-consanguineous (n = 1262)
	Paternal history of DM	Maternal history of DM	Without familial history	P value	Paternal history of DM	Maternal history of DM	Without familial history	P value
	(n = 233)	(n = 323)	(n = 162)		(n = 402)	(n = 486)	(n = 374)
Age (yr)	43.9 ± 14.7	45.1 ± 15.4	47.3 ± 13.4	0.058	45.5 ± 13.6	45.1 ± 14.8	46.3 ± 13.3	0.532
BMI (kg/m2)	27.4 ± 4.8	26.6 ± 4.9	28.1 ± 4.9	0.028	27.4 ± 5.0	26.9 ± 4.8	27.6 ± 4.8	0.428
Duration of DM (yr)	6.6 ± 3.9	7.2 ± 4.4	5.9 ± 2.9	0.004	7.2 ± 4.3	7.4 ± 4.2	6.7 ± 3.5	0.065
Metabolic characteristics
Systolic BP (mmHg)	129.6 ± 20.4	130.7 ± 17.9	125.9 ± 11.2	0.018	130.1 ± 19.1	128.2 ± 18.1	127.8 ± 16.5	0.224
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	81.3 ± 11.4	81.1 ± 10.7	78.2 ± 8.0	0.007	81.2 ± 11.4	79.9 ± 10.4	80.0 ± 9.1	0.220
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	10.3 ± 8.9	8.9 ± 5.0	8.9 ± 5.4	0.071	9.7 ± 9.6	9.3 ± 5.0	9.3 ± 4.3	0.689
HbA1c (%)	7.8 ± 2.1	7.7 ± 2.1	7.8 ± 2.3	0.900	8.3 ± 2.4	7.9 ± 2.2	8.3 ± 2.1	0.121
Serum urea level	5.8 ± 3.0	6.2 ± 3.2	5.9 ± 4.4	0.622	5.9 ± 2.7	6.3 ± 3.1	5.7 ± 2.8	0.170
Creatinine (mmol/L)	71.9 ± 8.5	78.0 ± 9.8	72.4 ± 9.4	0.313	75.5 ± 9.9	76.2 ± 10.2	70.9 ± 8.6	0.372
Tot. cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.9 ± 1.1	4.8 ± 1.1	4.9 ± 1.2	0.626	5.0 ± 1.2	4.8 ± 1.1	4.9 ± 1.3	0.173
Serum alkaline phosphate	92.2 ± 11.1	99.3 ± 12.8	93.5 ± 12.2	0.683	95.9 ± 12.5	102.9 ± 13.2	104.6 ± 13.5	0.460
T2DM complications, n (%)
Sleep loss	44 (18.9)	40 (12.4)	12 (7.4)	0.003	44 (10.9)	59 (12.1)	24 (6.4)	0.017
Hypertension	67 (32.5)	59 (20.6)	31 (19.1)	0.002	100 (27.9)	97 (22.9)	80 (21.7)	0.114
Neuropathy	19 (8.2)	34 (10.5)	12 (7.4)	0.446	41 (10.2)	48 (9.9)	32 (8.6)	0.712
Retinopathy	44 (18.9)	41 (12.7)	13 (8.0)	0.007	68 (16.9)	67 (13.8)	48 (12.8)	0.231
Nephropathy	29 (12.4)	40 (12.4)	13 (8.0)	0.303	64 (15.9)	65 (13.4)	45 (12)	0.276
Antipathy	21 (9.0)	21 (6.5)	4 (2.5)	0.003	30 (7.5)	41 (8.4)	21 (5.6)	0.284
Hypoglycemia	62 (26.6)	91 (28.2)	46 (28.4)	0.899	111 (27.6)	113 (23.3)	99 (26.5)	0.299
Impotence	15 (6.4)	17 (5.3)	3 (1.9)	0.104	33 (8.2)	38 (7.8)	19 (5.1)	0.180

Data are expressed as absolute n (%) or mean ± SD. Two sided P values based on one way analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey’s test for quantitative variables and χ² test for categorical variables. DM: Diabetes mellitus; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; BMI: Body mass index; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; BP: Blood pressure.