Biochemical and cellular evidence of the benefit of a combination of cerium oxide nanoparticles and selenium to diabetic rats

Table 3 Effects of various treatments on plasma, liver catalase and superoxide dismutase (mean ± SE)

Groups	CAT activity		SOD activity
	Plasma (U/mL)	Liver (U/mg protein)	Plasma (U/mL)	Liver (U/mg protein)
Control	13.74 ± 0.26	76.25 ± 1.39	7.81 ± 3.98	16.22 ± 0.56
Diabetic control	5.39 ± 0.70c	51.26 ± 1.67c	6.30 ± 2.33b	11.78 ± 0.91c
Cerium oxide	6.50 ± 0.74c,i	52.20 ± 2.70c,i	6.18 ± 3.13b,g	10.02 ± 0.57c,i
Nanocerium oxide	9.05 ± 0.51c,e,h	66.38 ± 3.81e	7.45 ± 1.99d	12.37 ± 0.54b,g
Sodium selenite	8.31 ± 0.73c,d,i	63.09 ± 2.13b,d,g	6.50 ± 1.51a	11.78 ± 0.56c,h
Nanocerium oxide + Sodium selenite	12.86 ± 0.44f	72.75 ± 1.74f	7.68 ± 2.55d	15.55 ± 0.78e

^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001 vs control group; ^dP < 0.01, ^eP < 0.01, ^fP < 0.001 vs diabetic control group; ^gP < 0.05, ^hP < 0.01, ⁱP < 0.001 vs Nanocerium oxide + Sodium selenite group. CAT: Catalase; SOD: Superoxide dismutase.