Aucubin mitigates the elevation of microglial aerobic glycolysis and inflammation in diabetic neuropathic pain via aldose reductase

Figure 4 Aucubin reduced aerobic glycolysis and inflammation in the BV-2 cell. A: the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine; B-E: The experimental program of the extracellular acidification rate (B and C) and oxygen consumption rate (D and E) of BV-2 measured by Seahorse XFe96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. n = 6. ^aP < 0.01 high glucose vs high glucose + auccubin (Auc); ^bP < 0.01 normal glucose vs high glucose; ^cP < 0.05 high glucose vs high glucose + Auc; ^dP < 0.05 normal glucose vs high glucose. ECAR: Extracellular acidification rate; 2-DG: 2-deoxy-d-glucose; OCR: Oxygen consumption rate; FCCP: Carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone; Auc: Aucubin; TNF-α: Tumour necrosis factor-α; IL: Interleukin.