TERT/FOXO1 signaling promotes islet β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus by regulating ATG9A-mediated autophagy

Figure 5 TERT/FOXO1 suppresses ATG9A-mediated autophagy to increase high glucose-induced islet β-cell dysfunction. oe-ATG9A was transfected or cotransfected with oe-TERT and oe-FOXO1 into high glucose-treated MIN6 cells. A and B: Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to analyze TERT, FOXO1 and ATG9A mRNA and protein expression; C: EdU staining was used to analyze cell proliferation ability (red staining: the labeled proliferating cells, blue staining: the nuclei); D: Flow cytometry was used to assess the cell apoptosis rate; E: Insulin levels were measured via ELISAs; F: The expression of the autophagy proteins LC3B and p62 was analyzed via western blotting. The data are expressed as mean ± SD. Each experiment was conducted in triplicate. ^aP < 0.05 vs NC group, ^bP < 0.05 vs NC group, ^cP < 0.05 vs the oe-ATG9A group. NS: No significance; HG: High glucose.